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Ovaj rad pobliže prikazuje izradu hardverske digitalne FM ritam mašine. U uvodu prikazana su 3 postojeća FM sintetizatora na tržištu u tri različita cjenovna ranga. Nadalje je objašnjen sam pojam sinteze i pobliže je prikazana FM sinteza kroz pojmove frekvencijske modulacije, zvučnih omotnica, operatora i algoritama. Obavljen je pregled ARM32 arhitekture procesora te Teensy mikroupravljača i njegovog hardverskog proširenja Teensy Audio Adapter. Za korisnički unos na izrađenom uređaju korišteni su rotacijski enkoderi čiji je princip rada objašnjen u radu. Korisnici imaju vizualnu povratnu informaciju putem LCD zaslona. Izrađena ritam mašina može proizvesti 8 različitih zvukova bubnja, svaki od kojih sadržava 5 parametara koji se mogu mijenjati u stvarnom vremenu. Svaki bubanj koristi različit FM algoritam koji oblikuje njegov konačan zvuk. Ritam mašina je testirana kroz proizvodnju individualnih zvukova bubnja i proizvodnju ritmova putem MIDI USB ulaza. This paper provides a detailed display of creating a digital FM drum machine. The introduction features a comparison between 3 existing FM synthesizers at 3 different price points. Next is a closer look at the definition of audio synthesis in general, frequency modulation, FM synthesis, audio envelopes, FM operators and FM algorithms. An overview was provided of the ARM32 processor architecture alongside the Teensy development board with its Audio Adaptor hardware expansion. Rotary encoders were used for user input and an LCD display was used for displaying visual information. The constructed drum machine can make 8 different drum sounds, each of which contains 5 parameters which can be changed in real time. Each drum uses a different FM algorithm which shapes its final sound. The drum machine was tested with synthesizing individual drum sounds and full drum loops, which were played over USB MIDI. |
