Hibrida????o interespec??fica e predi????o da distribui????o natural em Astrocaryum aculeatum Mart. e Astrocaryum acaule Mart

Autor: Cordeiro, Adriel Lira
Přispěvatelé: Lopes, Maria Teresa Gomes, Dequigiovanni, Gabriel, Rodrigues, Filipe Almendagna, Aguiar, Ananda Virg??nia de, Silveira, Emanuel Orestes da
Jazyk: portugalština
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Zdroj: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFAM
Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM)
instacron:UFAM
Popis: Submitted by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2022-01-27T18:45:32Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) ITEM INDISPON??VEL - Solicite c??pia.pdf: 84143 bytes, checksum: bec574cfc2dc76cf8ba0e289d73276b9 (MD5) Rejected by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br), reason: on 2022-01-27T18:45:51Z (GMT) Submitted by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2022-01-27T18:53:27Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) ITEM INDISPON??VEL - Solicite c??pia.pdf: 84143 bytes, checksum: bec574cfc2dc76cf8ba0e289d73276b9 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2022-01-27T18:54:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) ITEM INDISPON??VEL - Solicite c??pia.pdf: 84143 bytes, checksum: bec574cfc2dc76cf8ba0e289d73276b9 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2022-01-27T18:54:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) ITEM INDISPON??VEL - Solicite c??pia.pdf: 84143 bytes, checksum: bec574cfc2dc76cf8ba0e289d73276b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-12-14 CAPES - Coordena????o de Aperfei??oamento de Pessoal de N??vel Superior Palm trees native to the Amazon are largely found in wild or semi-wild (pre- domesticated) condition, such as Astrocaryum acaule Mart. (tucum??i) and Astrocaryum aculeatum Mart. (tucum??-do-Amazonas). This body of work aimed to characterize populations and natural interspecific hybrids as well as study the forecasting of current distribution and future scenarios of A. aculeatum and A. acaule in Brazilian biomes for use and conservation. In Chapter I: "Natural interspecific hybridization in populations of Astrocaryum acaule and Astrocaryum aculeatum palm trees in Tarum??-A??u, Amazonas, Brazil" multielement genetic-population and phenotypic analyses were performed on species in the common occurrence zone of Tarum??-A??u, on the Najatuba property, Manaus, Amazonas - Brazil. 97 individuals from the site previously identified species and supposed natural hybrids were analyzed using nine microsatellite markers. Flow cytometry was performed on five individuals from each species and on supposed natural interspecific hybrids. Multielementary analyses by total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) were performed on nine individuals of A. aculeatum, seven of A. acaule and one interspecific hybrid confirmed by genetic analysis. High genetic information content was observed in a total of 215 alleles. Higher DNA content occurred in ???H??brido 01??? when compared to A. acaule, A. aculeatum and ???H??brido 02???. It was possible to detect 23 chemical elements, five macronutrients, seven micronutrients, four essential elements and seven trace elements, which allowed us to differentiate the species and their relationships with the hybrids. Thus, it was concluded that microsatellite markers, flow cytometry and multielement analysis are efficient techniques that can be used to discriminate A. acaule, A. aculeatum and help to confirm the natural interspecific hybridization in coincidence zones of occurrence. In Chapter II: ???Prediction of the geographic distribution of Astrocaryum acaule and Astrocaryum aculeatum (Arecaceae)??? Amazonian palms???, the effect of global changes on the geographic distribution of species in future climate scenarios was analyzed utilizing ecological niche modeling. The modeling was based on bioclimatic variables, including minimum and maximum temperatures and rainfall, obtained from the Worldclim website. Future projections were evaluated using two different scenarios, with trends in the concentration of GHGs (Representative Concentration Pathways) - RCP = 4.5, less pessimistic, and RCP = 8.5, pessimistic, in two periods (2020-2050 and 2051- 2070). The Environmental Distance algorithm showed greater similarity regarding the distribution of the species with the area under the curve with the maximum discriminatory value (1.00). Both A. acaule and A. aculeatum have potential occurrence in the five Brazilian biomes (Amazon, Pantanal, Caatinga, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest). The dispersal patterns were very similar between the two palms. Moreover, the results showed that A. aculeatum is a less resistant species and is sensitive to climatic variations. Therefore, it is concluded that A. acaule is more resilient to future climate changes, being able to recolonize the southern portion of the Amazon in the RCP 8.5 scenario, in 2070, in addition to areas common to A. aculeatum. As palmeiras nativas da Amaz??nia encontram-se em grande parte na condi????o silvestre ou semi-silvestre (pr??-domesticadas), a exemplo de Astrocaryum acaule Mart. (tucum??i) e Astrocaryum aculeatum Mart. (tucum??-do-Amazonas). O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar a caracteriza????o de popula????es e de hibr??dos interespec??ficos naturais, bem como estudar a predi????o da distribui????o atual e em cen??rios futuros de A. aculeatum e A. acaule nos biomas brasileiros para uso e conserva????o. No cap??tulo I: ???Hibrida????o interespec??fica natural em popula????es das palmeiras Astrocaryum acaule e Astrocaryum aculeatum no Tarum??-A??u, Amazonas, Brasil??? foram realizadas an??lises gen??tico-populacionais e fenot??picas multielementares nas esp??cies na zona de ocorr??ncia comum no Tarum??-A??u, na propriedade Najatuba, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil. Foram analisados 97 indiv??duos do local, previamente identificados quanto a esp??cie e supostos h??bridos naturais, a partir de nove marcadores microssat??lites. Foi realizada citometria de fluxo em cinco indiv??duos de cada esp??cie e em supostos h??bridos interespec??ficos naturais. An??lises multielementares por fluoresc??ncia de raios-X de reflex??o total (TXRF) foram realizadas em nove indiv??duos de A. aculeatum, sete de A. acaule e um h??brido interespec??fico confirmado pelas an??lises gen??ticas. Alto conte??do de informa????o gen??tica foi observado, um total de 215 alelos. Maior conte??do de DNA ocorreu no ???H??brido 01??? quando comparado com a A. acaule, A. aculeatum e ???H??brido 02???. Foi poss??vel detectar 23 elementos qu??micos, sendo cinco macronutrientes, sete micronutrientes, quatro elementos essenciais e sete elementos tra??o, que permitiram diferenciar as esp??cies e as suas rela????es com os h??bridos. Dessa forma, concluem-se que marcadores microssat??lites, citometria de fluxo e an??lise multielementar s??o t??cnicas eficientes que podem ser utilizadas para discriminar A. acaule, A. aculeatum e auxiliar na confirma????o da hibrida????o interespec??fica natural em zonas de coincid??ncia, de ocorr??ncia das esp??cies. No cap??tulo II: ???Predi????o da distribui????o geogr??fica das palmeiras amaz??nicas Astrocaryum acaule e Astrocaryum aculeatum (Arecaceae)??? foi analisado o efeito das mudan??as globais na distribui????o geogr??fica das esp??cies em cen??rios clim??ticos futuros, utilizando a modelagem de nicho ecol??gico. A modelagem foi baseada em vari??veis bioclim??ticas, incluindo temperaturas m??nimas e m??ximas e precipita????o pluvial, obtidos no site do Worldclim. As proje????es futuras foram avaliadas em dois cen??rios diferentes, com tend??ncias de concentra????o de GEEs (Representative concentration pathways) - RCP = 4,5, menos pessimista, e RCP = 8,5, pessimista, com dois per??odos (2020-2050 e 2051-2070). O algoritmo Environmental Distance apresentou maior similaridade quanto ?? distribui????o da esp??cie com a ??rea sob a curva com o valor discriminat??rio m??ximo (1,00). Tanto A. acaule quanto A. aculeatum possuem ocorr??ncia potencial nos cinco biomas Brasileiros (Amaz??nia, Pantanal, Caatinga, Cerrado e Mata Atl??ntica). Os padr??es de dispers??o foram muito similares entre as duas palmeiras, mas os resultados evidenciam que A. aculeatum ?? uma esp??cie menos resistente e sens??vel ??s varia????es clim??ticas. Sendo assim, conclui-se que A. acaule ?? mais resiliente ??s mudan??as clim??ticas futuras, podendo recolonizar a por????o sul da Amaz??nia no cen??rio RCP 8.5, em 2070, al??m das ??reas comuns ?? A. aculeatum.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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