| Popis: |
SUMMARY In the present literature review it is emphasised that investigations on the drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, highly involved in hepatic and intestinal detoxifying processes, are of special importance in wild animal species. Concerning the function of hepatic CYPs, only limited data are available about hunted game species in Central Europe, while absolutely no information can be found with regard on the intestinal drug metabolism. According to literature data, relevant differences were observed in the activity and inducibility of hepatic CYP subfamilies in various species. For instance, in wild ruminants, the activity of most investigated CYPs was higher than in cattle, indicating the increased xenobiotic exposure of wild animals compared to their domestic counterparts. Further investigations in hunted wild animals (such as wild boar; red, roe and fallow deer) would be of high interest, from comparative biochemical approach and for practical implications as well. By assessing the activity and substrate specificity of several CYP subfamilies, new data can be gained on the susceptibility of each species to various toxicants, considering also age and gender-dependent differences. The suggested correlations between CYP activities and the level of environmental pollutants may provide the possibility of applying drug-metabolizing enzymes as ecotoxicological markers of common agricultural or industrial toxicants. Investigating CYP-related drug metabolism in wildlife species can clarify some possible toxicokinetic interactions and might highlight the suspected xenobiotic exposures in the appropriate region, thus having huge importance in the production of safe game meat, being free of toxic residues. To fulfil the above mentioned goals, the authors are currently conducting comparative studies on hepatic and intestinal CYP enzymes in hunted wild species, such as in wild boar. |
