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Namen prispevka: Namen tega sestavka je iz varstvoslovnega in politološkega vidika analizirati sodobno varnostno okolje v luči njegovega vpliva na turizem. Varnostno okolje, kot obstoja danes, je rezultat dosedanjega zgodovinskega razvoja le tega in številnih dejavnikov, ki so nastopili tekom tega razvoja. Zato sem z namenom boljšega razumevanja trenutnega varnostnega okolja opisal temeljne zgodovinske premise, ki so vplivale na razvoj varnostnega okolja, v katerem živimo in delujemo danes. Pojasnil sem temeljne varnostne koncepte, ki dominirajo v sodobnem varnostnem okolju. V okviru sodobnega varnostnega okolja sem definiral grožnje varnosti, ki izhajajo iz njega, s poudarkom na tistih, ki še posebej pomembno vplivajo na turizem. Sledila je analiza konkretnih pojavnih oblik teh groženj in njihovega vpliva na turistične destinacije. Analiza je obogatena z opisom praktičnih primerov varnostnih kriz v turizmu in njihovih posledic. Metode: Uporabljena je metoda analize primernih in sekundarnih virov. Ugotovitve: Globalna razsežnost turizma je povzročila, da je le-ta postal izredno dovzeten za raznolike sodobne grožnje varnosti. Najbolj očitne sodobne grožnje varnosti v turizmu so kriminal, terorizem, vojne, družbeni in politični nemiri, onesnaževanje okolja in širjenje nalezljivih bolezni. Že majhna nihanja varnostnih razmer naturistični destinaciji lahko povzročijo velike upade turističnega povpraševanja. Zato se je s sodobnimi grožnjami varnosti v turizmu potrebno soočati. Da je soočanje učinkovito, mora biti sistematično, celostno in globalno. Omejitve/uporabnost raziskave: Ugotovitve analize se nanašajo na svet kot celoto. Zaradi globalne razsežnosti predmeta analize je ta omejena naglavne skupine groženj varnosti v turizmu in se ne dotika manj pogostih groženj varnosti, ki se pojavljajo zgolj v specifičnih mikro okoljih. Praktična uporabnost: Ugotovitve analize so uporabne kot prispevek k zavedanju pomena varnosti v okviru turizma, kot pomembne gospodarske panoge. Izvirnost/pomembnost prispevka: Prispevek predstavlja globalni pregled glavnih skupin sodobnih groženj varnosti na področju turizma. Purpose: The aim of the paper is to analyze the modern security environment and its impact on tourism. Contemporary security environment is a result of historical events affected by the elements of the contemporary safety and political environment hence the analysis of the historical events is important for understanding the relations between todayćs security environment and tourism industry. Ground security concepts, which dominate contemporary security environment, are pointed out and further linked to the development of the modern security threats shaping global travel flows. Empirical section of the paper results the analysis of major global security issues and their impact of destinations based tourism. Several case studies are made to support conclusions on relationship between security and tourism developments. Design/Methods/Approach: Case study analysis and literature review methodology was implemented in the paper. Findings: Global expansion of tourism influenced its susceptibility to different security threats. Major contemporary threats for the tourism are criminal, terrorism, war events, social and political disputes and epidemics. Minor changes and fluctuations insecurity situations can change global travel flows, hence causing incorrigible impact on the destination. Most cases reflect decrease of arrivals, changes in seasonality, slow down early bookings, etc. Latter suggests that there is a need for facing, analyzing and interpreting relations between tourism and security issues, which need to be longitudinal, systematical and global. Research limitations/implications: Findings relate to the global environment thus limitations refer to general security disputes and its impact on some destinations. Some occasional and rare security issues in specific destinations are thus left out. Practical implications: Major practical implication of the paper is raising the awareness of the importance of the relations between global security issues and its impact on contemporary flows. Conclusions point out the importance of monitoring the impact of the modern security issues on global travel flows and suggest some scenarios which could be used for tourism and destination development policies. Originality/Value: Paper introduces global review of different forms of the contemporary security threats with major impacts on tourism industry. |
