FROM GAMBUSIA FISH TO THE PARIS GREEN CHEMICAL: HOW MALARIA WAS OVERCAME IN ISTRIA

Autor: Milan Radošević
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2013
Předmět:
Zdroj: Časopis za suvremenu povijest
Volume 45
Issue 3
ISSN: 1848-9079
0590-9597
Popis: U radu se istražuje problem suzbijanja malarije na primjeru uloge i uspjeha novouvedenih bioloških i kemijskih larvicidnih metoda u borbi protiv malarije u Istarskoj provinciji za talijanske međuratne uprave (1918. – 1940.). Ta je zarazna bolest još od kasnoga srednjeg vijeka kontinuirano bila demografski, gospodarski te zdravstveni problem za Istrane, posebice one nastanjene u obalnim i priobalnim krajevima u kojima je, u prvom redu zbog geoloških i klimatskih karakteristika, bila endemski prisutna. Nakon otkrivanja uzročnika i prijenosnika bolesti krajem XIX. stoljeća i u Istri su pokrenute konkretne metode iskorjenjivanja malarije, kininizacijom stanovništva te uništavanjem ličinki komaraca. Kako se lokve, staništa komaraca, zbog neizgrađenog vodovodnog sustava u ruralnim krajevima nisu smjele isušivati, moralo se pribjeći drugim rješenjima i korištenju larvicida, u prvom redu petrolizaciji. Međutim tek su se od sredine 20-ih godina XX. stoljeća, uvođenjem ribica gambuzija te kemijskoga sredstva pariškoga zelenila, uspjeli polučiti izrazito ohrabrujući rezultati, što je krajem 30-ih godina dovelo gotovo do iskorjenjivanja bolesti. U pitanju uvođenja gambuzija u Europu ključna osoba bio je dr. Massimo Sella, od 1924. do 1943. ravnatelj rovinjskoga Instituta za biologiju Jadranskog mora.
In his article the author addresses the questions of introduction, role and success of biological and chemical larvicide methods applied to fighting malaria in the Istrian Province during the Italian government between the two world wars (1918-1940). Since the late Middle Ages the disease represented a continual demographic, economic and health problem for the Istrians, especially those inhabiting the coastal areas where the disease was endemic due to geological and climate characteristics of those areas. After the disease cause and vector were discovered by the end of 19th century, specific methods for the eradication of malaria were started in Istria as well like prescribing quinine to the population and the extermination of mosquito larvae. As the pools, mosquitos’ natural habitat, could not be drained because there were no water supply lines in rural areas, other solutions had to be applied along with the use of larvicide, petroleum in the first place. However, it was not before the 20s of the 20th century that some really encouraging results were obtained with the introduction of Gambusia fish and the chemical Paris Green which by the end of the 30s resulted in a near extermination of the disease. The central figure as for the introduction of Gambusia to Europe was Professor Massimo Sella, director of the Marine Biology Station for the Adriatic in Rovinj from 1924 to 1943.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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