Comparison of the effects of difenacoum and brodifacoum on the ultrastructure of rat liver cells

Autor: Nursel Gül, Nuri Yiğit, Fulya Saygılı, Ebru Demirel, Ceren Geniş
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2016
Předmět:
Zdroj: Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju
Volume 67
Issue 3
ISSN: 1848-6312
0004-1254
Popis: We used transmission electron microscopy to examine the cytotoxic effects of the second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides difenacoum and brodifacoum on rat liver. A single dose of difenacoum or brodifacoum was administered to rats by gastric gavage and liver samples were taken after 24 h, four days or seven days. In the livers of rats treated with difenacoum for 24 h, hepatocytes typically showed increased numbers of lysosomes, as well as enlargement of both the perinuclear space and the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), while sinusoids were irregularly shaped and contained Kupffer cells. Similar irregularities occurred in brodifacoum-treated rats at the same time point, but additionally increased numbers of vacuoles, damaged mitochondrial cristae, and clumping of chromatin were observed in hepatocytes, and hemolysed erythrocytes were noted in the sinusoids. Comparable findings were made in each group of rats after four days. After seven days of difenacoum treatment, hepatocytes suffered loss of cytoplasmic material and mitochondrial shrinkage, while RER cisternae became discontinuous. In contrast, exposure to brodifacoum for seven days caused the formation of numerous vacuoles and lipid droplets, disordered mitochondrial morphology, chromatin clumping and invagination of the nuclear envelope in hepatocytes. Sinusoids in the livers of rodenticide-treated rats contained an accumulation of dense material, lipid droplets, cells with pycnotic nuclei and hemolysed erythrocytes. Overall, our results show that brodifacoum causes more severe effects in liver cells than difenacoum. Thus our microscopic data along with additional biochemical assays point to a severe effect of rodenticide on vertebrates.
Transmisijskim elektronskim mikroskopom ispitivali smo citotoksične učinke druge generacije antikoagulacijskih rodenticida difenakuma i brodifakuma na jetra štakora. Štakori su dobili jednu dozu difenakuma ili brodifakuma gavažom, a uzorci jetara uzeti su nakon 24 sata te nakon četiri ili sedam dana. U hepatocitima štakora kojima je dan difenakum tijekom 24 sata uočen je povećan broj lizosoma te povećanje perinuklearnoga prostora i cisterne hrapavog endoplazmatskog retikuluma (eng. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - RER), a sinusoidi su bili nepravilnog oblika i sadržavali su Kupfferove stanice. Slične su nepravilnosti uočene i u štakora koji su tretirani brodifakumom u istom razdoblju, ali su uz to primijećeni i povećan broj vakuola, oštećene mitohondrijske kriste i nakupljanje kromatina u hepatocitima te hemolizirani eritrociti u sinusoidima. Nakon četiri dana nalazi su bili usporedivi u svim skupinama štakora. Nakon sedam dana tretiranja difenakumom, u hepatocitima je uočen gubitak citoplazmatskog materijala i smanjenje mitohondrija, a cisterne RER-a postale su isprekidane. Izloženost brodifakumu tijekom sedam dana uzrokovala je stvaranje različitih vakuola i lipidnih kapljica, poremećaj mitohondrijske morfologije, nakupljanje kromatina i invaginaciju nuklearne omotnice u hepatocitima. U sinusoidima jetara štakora koji su tretirani rodenticidom primijećeno je nakupljanje gustog materijala, lipidnih kapljica, stanica s piknotičkim nukleusima i hemoliziranih eritrocita. Općenito, naši rezultati upućuju na to da brodifakum uzrokuje ozbiljnije učinke u jetrenim stanicama od difenakuma. Naši podaci dobiveni mikroskopskim ispitivanjem i ostalim biokemijskim testovima govore u prilog štetnom učinku rodenticida na kralježnjake.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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