| Popis: |
Stoyan Kostov,1,2 Rafał Watrowski,3 Yavor Kornovski,1 Deyan Dzhenkov,4 Stanislav Slavchev,1 Yonka Ivanova,1 Angel Yordanov5 1Department of Gynecology, University Hospital âSaint Annaâ, Medical University âProf. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanovâ, Varna, Bulgaria; 2Faculty of Health Care, Medical University Pleven, Pleven, Bulgaria; 3Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany; 4Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Deontology, Division of General and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University âProf. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanovâ, Varna, Bulgaria; 5Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University Pleven, Pleven, BulgariaCorrespondence: Angel Yordanov, Email angel.jordanov@gmail.comAbstract: Hereditary cancer syndromes are defined as syndromes, where the genetics of cancer are the result of low penetrant polymorphisms or of a single gene disorder inherited in a mendelian fashion. During the last decade, compelling evidence has accumulated that approximately 5â 10% of all cancers could be attributed to hereditary cancer syndromes. A tremendous progress has been made over the last decade in the evaluation and management of these syndromes. However, hereditary syndromes associated with gynecologic malignancies still present significant challenge for oncogynecologists. Oncogynecologists tend to pay more attention to staging, histological type and treatment options of gynecological cancers than thinking of inherited cancers and taking a detailed family history. Moreover, physicians should also be familiar with screening strategies in patients with inherited gynecological cancers. Lynch syndrome and hereditary breast-ovarian cancer syndrome are the most common and widely discussed syndromes in medical literature. The aim of the present review article is to delineate and emphasize the majority of hereditary gynecological cancer syndromes, even these, which are rarely reported in oncogynecology. The following inherited cancers are briefly discussed: Lynch syndrome; âsite-specificâ ovarian cancer and hereditary breastâovarian cancer syndrome; Cowden syndrome; Li-Fraumeni syndrome; Peutz-Jeghers syndrome; ataxia-telangiectasia; DICER1- syndrome; gonadal dysgenesis; tuberous sclerosis; multiple endocrine neoplasia type I, II; hereditary small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type and hereditary undifferentiated uterine sarcoma; hereditary diffuse gastric cancer and MUTYH-associated polyposis. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, pathology and screening of these syndromes are discussed. General treatment recommendations are beyond the scope of this review.Keywords: hereditary gynecologic cancer syndromes, pathogenesis, diagnosis, pathology, screening |
