Higher Iron Intake Is Independently Associated with Obesity in Younger Japanese Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
| Autor: | Efrem d’Ávila Ferreira, Mariko Hatta, Yasunaga Takeda, Chika Horikawa, Mizuki Takeuchi, Noriko Kato, Hiroki Yokoyama, Yoshio Kurihara, Koichi Iwasaki, Kazuya Fujihara, Hiroshi Maegawa, Hirohito Sone |
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| Rok vydání: | 2022 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Nutrients Nutrients; Volume 14; Issue 1; Pages: 211 Nutrients, Vol 14, Iss 211, p 211 (2022) |
| ISSN: | 2072-6643 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/nu14010211 |
| Popis: | We aimed to analyze the association between dietary iron intake and obesity assessed by BMI after adjustment for nutrient intake (macronutrients and fiber) and food groups. The study design was cross-sectional. Patients with type-2 diabetes (n = 1567; 63.1% males; mean age 62.3 ± 11.6 years) were included in the study. To assess diet, consumption of typical food groups was determined by a food frequency questionnaire. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. We performed a binary regression analysis between quartiles of iron intake and obesity by quartiles of age group. A direct linear association was found for the highest quartile of iron intake and obesity in the younger age group of 30 to 54 years (OR = 3.641, 95% CI = 1.020–12.990; p trend = 0.011). Multivariate analysis using food groups as opposed to nutrients revealed a positive trend for obesity in the younger age group after adjusting for lifestyle factors, energy intake and bean and vegetable intake (p trend = 0.023). In all participants, an inverse association was observed before adjustment by vegetable intake (OR = 0.453, 95% CI = 0.300–0.684; p trend = 0.001). Higher iron intake was associated with obesity independent of macronutrient and fiber intake but only in the youngest quartile of age group examined. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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