Epigenetic Effects of Benzene in Hematologic Neoplasms: The Altered Gene Expression
| Autor: | Mariella Carrieri, Sebastiano Gangemi, Giovanna Spatari, Giovanni Pioggia, Alessandro Allegra |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Cancer Research air pollution lymphoma Review 03 medical and health sciences benzene 0302 clinical medicine Medicine cancer Epigenetics hematological malignancies RC254-282 business.industry Myelodysplastic syndromes Air pollution Benzene Cancer Epigenetic Gene expression Hematological malignancies Leukemia Lymphoma Occupational disease leukemia Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens Myeloid leukemia medicine.disease 030104 developmental biology Oncology 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis DNA methylation occupational disease Cancer research gene expression Hematological neoplasm business epigenetic |
| Zdroj: | Cancers Cancers (Basel) 13 (2021): 2392. doi:10.3390/cancers13102392 info:cnr-pdr/source/autori:Giovanna Spatari; Alessandro Allegra; Mariella Carrieri; Giovanni Pioggia; Sebastiano Gangemi/titolo:Epigenetic Effects of Benzene in Hematologic Neoplasms: The Altered Gene Expression/doi:10.3390%2Fcancers13102392/rivista:Cancers (Basel)/anno:2021/pagina_da:2392/pagina_a:/intervallo_pagine:2392/volume:13 Cancers, Vol 13, Iss 2392, p 2392 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 2072-6694 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/cancers13102392 |
| Popis: | Simple Summary Benzene is produced by diverse petroleum transformation processes and it is widely employed in industry despite its oncogenic effects. In fact, occupational exposure to benzene may cause hematopoietic malignancy. The leukemogenic action of benzene is particularly complex. Possible processes of onset of hematological malignancies have been recognized as a genotoxic action and the provocation of immunosuppression. However, benzene can induce modifications that do not involve alterations in the DNA sequence, the so-called epigenetics changes. Acquired epigenetic modification may also induce leukemogenesis, as benzene may alter nuclear receptors, and cause changes at the protein level, thereby modifying the function of regulatory proteins, including oncoproteins and tumor suppressor proteins. Abstract Benzene carcinogenic ability has been reported, and chronic exposure to benzene can be one of the risk elements for solid cancers and hematological neoplasms. Benzene is acknowledged as a myelotoxin, and it is able to augment the risk for the onset of acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, aplastic anemia, and lymphomas. Possible mechanisms of benzene initiation of hematological tumors have been identified, as a genotoxic effect, an action on oxidative stress and inflammation and the provocation of immunosuppression. However, it is becoming evident that genetic alterations and the other causes are insufficient to fully justify several phenomena that influence the onset of hematologic malignancies. Acquired epigenetic alterations may participate with benzene leukemogenesis, as benzene may affect nuclear receptors, and provoke post-translational alterations at the protein level, thereby touching the function of regulatory proteins, comprising oncoproteins and tumor suppressor proteins. DNA hypomethylation correlates with stimulation of oncogenes, while the hypermethylation of CpG islands in promoter regions of specific tumor suppressor genes inhibits their transcription and stimulates the onset of tumors. The discovery of the systems of epigenetic induction of benzene-caused hematological tumors has allowed the possibility to operate with pharmacological interventions able of stopping or overturning the negative effects of benzene. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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