A long-distance fluid transport pathway within fibrous connective tissues in patients with ankle edema
| Autor: | Di Cui, Hongyi Li, Jie-fu Yang, Liyang Zhang, Fu-Long Liao, Chongqing Yang, Fang Wang, Mingjun Sun, Jianxin Pang, Luru Dai, D G Liu, Dong Han, Kuiyuan Lu |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Male
0301 basic medicine Physiology Adipose tissue Transport Pathway law.invention 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Dermis Interstitial fluid Confocal microscopy law Physiology (medical) Edema medicine Humans business.industry Microcirculation Extracellular Fluid Hematology Anatomy Middle Aged Fluid transport 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure Connective Tissue 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Female Ankle medicine.symptom Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine business |
| Zdroj: | Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 63:411-421 |
| ISSN: | 1875-8622 1386-0291 |
| DOI: | 10.3233/ch-162057 |
| Popis: | Objectives Although the microcirculatory dysfunctions of edema formation are well documented, the draining pattern of dermal edema lacks information. This study was to assess the potential drainage pathways of the interstitial fluid in patients with ankle edema using the anatomical and histological methods. Methods and results Four amputees of lower leg participated in this study. Fluorescent imaging agent was injected into lateral ankle dermis in one volunteered patient before the amputation and three lower legs after the amputation. Physiologically in the volunteer or enhanced by cyclical compression on three amputated limbs, several fluorescent longitudinal pathways from ankle dermis to the broken end of the amputated legs were subsequently visualized and studied using histological methods, laser confocal microscopy and electron microscopy methods respectively. Interestingly, the fluorescent pathways confirmed to be fibrous connective tissues and the presence of two types: those of the cutaneous pathway (located in dermis or the interlobular septum among adipose tissues within the hypodermis) and those of the perivascular pathway (located in connective tissues surrounding the veins and the arteries). The intrinsic three-dimensional architecture of each fluorescent pathway was the longitudinally running and interconnected fibril bundles, upon which, an interfacial transport pathway within connective tissues was visualized by fluorescein. Conclusions The current anatomical data suggested that a unique long-distance transport pathway composed of oriented fibrous connective tissues might play a pathophysiological role in draining dermal edema besides vascular circulations and provide novel understandings of general fibrous connective tissues in life science. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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