Active terahertz modulator and slow light metamaterial devices with hybrid graphene–superconductor photonic integrated circuits
| Autor: | Harvey E. Beere, Kaveh Delfanazari, Majid Ghanaatshoar, Hannah J. Joyce, R. Wallis, Stephen J. Kindness, Michael Kelly, Stephan Hofmann, Samane Kalhor, Riccardo Degl'Innocenti, David A. Ritchie |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Hofmann, Stephan [0000-0001-6375-1459], Joyce, Hannah [0000-0002-9737-680X], Delfanazari, Kaveh [0000-0002-1386-3855], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Ghanaatshoar, Majid [0000-0003-4614-1549], Joyce, Hannah J. [0000-0002-9737-680X], Degl'Innocenti, Riccardo [0000-0003-2655-1997], Joyce, Hannah J [0000-0002-9737-680X] |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Materials science
business.industry Terahertz radiation Electromagnetically induced transparency General Chemical Engineering Photonic integrated circuit graphene Metamaterial Physics::Optics Slow light superconductors Article Chemistry Resonator Modulation electromagnetic induced transparency Optoelectronics General Materials Science hybrid photonic integrated circuits terahertz electronics business terahertz photonics slow light devices QD1-999 Group delay and phase delay |
| Zdroj: | Nanomaterials Volume 11 Issue 11 Nanomaterials, Vol 11, Iss 2999, p 2999 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 2079-4991 |
| Popis: | Metamaterial photonic integrated circuits with arrays of hybrid graphene–superconductor coupled split-ring resonators (SRR) capable of modulating and slowing down terahertz (THz) light are introduced and proposed. The hybrid device’s optical responses, such as electromagnetic-induced transparency (EIT) and group delay, can be modulated in several ways. First, it is modulated electrically by changing the conductivity and carrier concentrations in graphene. Alternatively, the optical response can be modified by acting on the device temperature sensitivity by switching Nb from a lossy normal phase to a low-loss quantum mechanical phase below the transition temperature (Tc) of Nb. Maximum modulation depths of 57.3% and 97.61% are achieved for EIT and group delay at the THz transmission window, respectively. A comparison is carried out between the Nb-graphene-Nb coupled SRR-based devices with those of Au-graphene-Au SRRs, and significant enhancements of the THz transmission, group delay, and EIT responses are observed when Nb is in the quantum mechanical phase. Such hybrid devices with their reasonably large and tunable slow light bandwidth pave the way for the realization of active optoelectronic modulators, filters, phase shifters, and slow light devices for applications in chip-scale future communication and computation systems. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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