Cs+ incorporation into CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite: substitution limit and stability enhancement
| Autor: | Ronen Gottesman, Shay Tirosh, Laxman Gouda, Arie Zaban, Petra J. Cameron, Ralf G. Niemann, Jiangang Hu |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Renewable Energy
Sustainability and the Environment Chemistry Kinetics Analytical chemistry 02 engineering and technology General Chemistry 010402 general chemistry 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology Kinetic energy 01 natural sciences 0104 chemical sciences law.invention Crystallography law General Materials Science SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Crystallization 0210 nano-technology |
| Zdroj: | Niemann, R G, Gouda, L, Hu, J, Tirosh, S, Gottesman, R, Cameron, P J & Zaban, A 2016, ' Cs + incorporation into CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite : substitution limit and stability enhancement ', Journal of Materials Chemistry A, vol. 4, no. 45, pp. 17819-17827 . https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ta05869h |
| ISSN: | 2050-7496 2050-7488 |
| DOI: | 10.1039/c6ta05869h |
| Popis: | In this study we systematically explored the mixed cation perovskite Csx(CH3NH3)1-xPbI3. We exchanged the A-site cation by dipping MAPbI3 films into a CsI solution, thereby incrementally replacing the MA+ in a time-resolved dipping process and analysed the resulting thin-films with UV-Vis, XRD, EDAX, SEM and optical depth-analysis in a high-throughput fashion. Additional in situ UV-Vis and time-resolved XRD measurements allowed us to look at the kinetics of the formation process. The results showed a discontinuity during the conversion. Firstly, small amounts of Cs+ are incorporated into the structure. After a few minutes, the Cs content approaches a limit and grains of δ-CsPbI3 occur, indicating a substitution limit. We compared this cation exchange to a one-step crystallisation approach and found the same effect of phase segregation, which shows that the substitution limit is an intrinsic feature rather than a kinetic effect. Optical and structural properties changed continuously for small Cs incorporations. Larger amounts of Cs result in phase segregation. We estimate the substitution limit of CsxMA1-xPbI3 to start at a Cs ratio x = 0.13, based on combined measurements of EDAX, UV-Vis and XRD. The photovoltaic performance of the mixed cation perovskite shows a large increase in device stability from days to weeks. The initial efficiency of mixed CsxMA1-xPbI3 devices decreases slightly, which is compensated by stability after a few days. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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