Community context for mechanisms of disease dilution: insights from linking epidemiology and plant–soil feedback theory
Autor: | Michelle H. Hersh, Cathy D. Collins, James D. Bever |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2020 |
Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
0301 basic medicine Computer science species coexistence Reviews Disease Review 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology 03 medical and health sciences Soil Nyasecol9119 History and Philosophy of Science Nyasevol2572 dilution effect disease ecology Ecosystem trophic interactions Plant Diseases Plant–soil feedback General Neuroscience Disease ecology Biodiversity Models Theoretical Plants Data science Dilution 030104 developmental biology Community context Nyasmicr2050 Nyaspubl8657 Disease risk pathogen feedbacks |
Zdroj: | Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |
ISSN: | 1749-6632 0077-8923 |
Popis: | In many natural systems, diverse host communities can reduce disease risk, though less is known about the mechanisms driving this “dilution effect.” We relate feedback theory, which focuses on pathogen‐mediated coexistence, to mechanisms of dilution derived from epidemiological models, with the central goal of gaining insights into host–pathogen interactions in a community context. We first compare the origin, structure, and application of epidemiological and feedback models. We then explore the mechanisms of dilution, which are grounded in single‐pathogen, single‐host epidemiological models, from the perspective of feedback theory. We also draw on feedback theory to examine how coinfecting pathogens, and pathogens that vary along a host specialist–generalist continuum, apply to dilution theory. By identifying synergies among the feedback and epidemiological approaches, we reveal ways in which organisms occupying different trophic levels contribute to diversity–disease relationships. Additionally, using feedbacks to distinguish dilution in disease incidence from dilution in the net effect of disease on host fitness allows us to articulate conditions under which definitions of dilution may not align. After ascribing dilution mechanisms to macro‐ or microorganisms, we propose ways in which each contributes to diversity–disease and productivity–diversity relationships. Our analyses lead to predictions that can guide future research efforts. In many natural systems, diverse host communities can reduce disease risk, though less is known about the mechanisms driving this “dilution effect.” We relate feedback theory, which focuses on pathogen‐mediated coexistence, to mechanisms of dilution derived from epidemiological models, with the central goal of gaining insights into host–pathogen interactions in a community context. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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