A modified anthrax toxin-based enzyme-linked immunospot assay reveals robust T cell responses in symptomatic and asymptomatic Ebola virus exposed individuals

Autor: Folasade Ogunsola, Phyllis J. Kanki, Rolake Akinsola, Bobby Brooke Herrera, Kayode T. Adeyemi, Alani S Akanmu, Christian T. Happi, Philomena Eromon, Yichen Lu, Donald J. Hamel, Philip O Oshun, Onikepe A. Folarin, Charlotte A. Chang
Rok vydání: 2018
Předmět:
RNA viruses
Male
0301 basic medicine
Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay
Physiology
T-Lymphocytes
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Antibodies
Viral
medicine.disease_cause
Biochemistry
Cell Fusion
White Blood Cells
Animal Cells
Immune Physiology
Medicine and Health Sciences
Medicine
Cytotoxic T cell
Enzyme-Linked Immunoassays
Immune Response
Immune System Proteins
biology
T Cells
lcsh:Public aspects of medicine
ELISPOT
Middle Aged
Ebolavirus
3. Good health
Infectious Diseases
medicine.anatomical_structure
Congo
Medical Microbiology
Filoviruses
Viral Pathogens
Viruses
Female
Cellular Types
Pathogens
Antibody
medicine.symptom
Ebola Virus
Research Article
Adult
Cell Physiology
lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine
Infectious Disease Control
lcsh:RC955-962
Immune Cells
T cell
Immunology
Bacterial Toxins
Cytotoxic T cells
Research and Analysis Methods
Microbiology
Asymptomatic
Antibodies
Young Adult
03 medical and health sciences
Immune system
Antigen
Humans
Immunoassays
Microbial Pathogens
Aged
Antigens
Bacterial
Blood Cells
Ebola virus
Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses
business.industry
Organisms
Public Health
Environmental and Occupational Health
Biology and Life Sciences
Proteins
lcsh:RA1-1270
Cell Biology
Hemorrhagic Fever
Ebola
Virology
Cross-Sectional Studies
030104 developmental biology
Immunoglobulin G
Asymptomatic Diseases
Immunologic Techniques
biology.protein
business
Zdroj: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 12, Iss 5, p e0006530 (2018)
ISSN: 1935-2735
Popis: Background Ebola virus (EBOV) caused more than 11,000 deaths during the 2013–2016 epidemic in West Africa without approved vaccines or immunotherapeutics. Despite its high lethality in some individuals, EBOV infection can produce little to no symptoms in others. A better understanding of the immune responses in individuals who experienced minimally symptomatic and asymptomatic infection could aid the development of more effective vaccines and antivirals against EBOV and related filoviruses. Methodology/Principle findings Between August and November 2017, blood samples were collected from 19 study participants in Lagos, Nigeria, including 3 Ebola virus disease (EVD) survivors, 10 individuals with documented close contact with symptomatic EVD patients, and 6 control healthcare workers for a cross-sectional serosurvey and T cell analysis. The Lagos samples, as well as archived serum collected from healthy individuals living in surrounding areas of the 1976 Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) epidemic, were tested for EBOV IgG using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and Western blots. We detected antibodies in 3 out of 3 Lagos survivors and identified 2 seropositive individuals not known to have ever been infected. Of the DRC samples tested, we detected antibodies in 9 out of 71 (12.7%). To characterize the T cell responses in the Lagos samples, we developed an anthrax toxin-based enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay. The seropositive asymptomatic individuals had T cell responses against EBOV nucleoprotein, matrix protein, and glycoprotein 1 that were stronger in magnitude compared to the survivors. Conclusion/Significance Our data provide further evidence of EBOV exposure in individuals without EVD-like illness and, for the first time, demonstrate that these individuals have T cell responses that are stronger in magnitude compared to severe cases. These findings suggest that T cell immunity may protect against severe EVD, which has important implications for vaccine development.
Author summary The 2013–2016 West African Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreak is the largest on record with over 28,000 reported symptomatic cases and more than 11,000 deaths. We developed a simple and inexpensive modified anthrax toxin-based ELISPOT assay to detect and characterize the T cell responses elicited by prior exposure to EBOV. Our data show robust T cell responses to several EBOV proteins in individuals who experienced both severe and asymptomatic EBOV infections. These results provide further evidence that EBOV transmission events can go undetected. We also show that the seropositive asymptomatic individuals have stronger T cell responses compared to survivors, which has important implications for vaccine development.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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