A national survey of trace organic contaminants in Australian rivers
| Autor: | Michael Bartkow, Dayanthi Nugegoda, James A. McDonald, Stephen J. Blockwell, Philip D. Scott, Vincent Pettigrove, Louis A. Tremblay, Richard P. Lim, Heather M. Coleman, Michael St. J. Warne, Frederic D.L. Leusch, Helen Nice, Stuart J. Khan |
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| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
Environmental Engineering
0207 environmental engineering Simazine 02 engineering and technology 010501 environmental sciences Management Monitoring Policy and Law 01 natural sciences Environmental impact of pharmaceuticals and personal care products Toxicology chemistry.chemical_compound Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry 020701 environmental engineering Waste Management and Disposal Effluent 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Water Science and Technology Agronomy & Agriculture Contamination Pesticide Pollution 6. Clean water Hazard quotient chemistry Wastewater 13. Climate action Environmental chemistry |
| Zdroj: | Journal of environmental quality. 43(5) |
| ISSN: | 0047-2425 |
| Popis: | © American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. Trace organic contaminant (TrOC) studies in Australia have, to date, focused on wastewater effluents, leaving a knowledge gap of their occurrence and risk in freshwater environments. This study measured 42 TrOCs including industrial compounds, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals and personal care products by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry at 73 river sites across Australia quarterly for 1 yr. Trace organic contaminants were found in 92% of samples, with a median of three compounds detected per sample (maximum 18). The five most commonly detected TrOCs were the pharmaceuticals salicylic acid (82%, maximum = 1530 ng/L), paracetamol (also known as acetaminophen; 45%, maximum = 7150 ng/L), and carbamazepine (27%, maximum = 682 ng/L), caffeine (65%, maximum = 3770 ng/L), and the flame retardant tris(2- chloroethyl) phosphate (44%, maximum = 184 ng/L). Pesticides were detected in 28% of the samples. To determine the risk posed by the detected TrOCs to the aquatic environment, hazard quotients were calculated by dividing the maximum concentration detected for each compound by the predicted noeffect concentrations. Three of the 42 compounds monitored (the pharmaceuticals carbamazepine and sulfamethoxazole and the herbicide simazine) had a hazard quotient >1, suggesting that they may be causing adverse effects at the most polluted sites. A further 10 compounds had hazard quotients >0.1, indicating a potential risk; these included four pharmaceuticals, three personal care products, and three pesticides. Most compounds had hazard quotients significantly |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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