Spectroscopic and Microscopic Study of Peroxyformic Pulping of Agave Waste
Autor: | Jorge A. Mendoza-Pérez, Norma Güemes Vera, A. Vega, Pablo Ligero, H.M. Hernández-Hernández, Jorge Chanona-Pérez, Reynold R. Farrera-Rebollo, Georgina Calderón-Domínguez |
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Rok vydání: | 2016 |
Předmět: |
biology
010405 organic chemistry Formic acid Pulp (paper) 02 engineering and technology Fractionation Factorial experiment engineering.material 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology Agave biology.organism_classification 01 natural sciences 0104 chemical sciences chemistry.chemical_compound chemistry Chemical engineering Yield (chemistry) engineering Lignin Cellulose Composite material 0210 nano-technology Instrumentation |
Zdroj: | Microscopy and Microanalysis. 22:1084-1097 |
ISSN: | 1435-8115 1431-9276 |
DOI: | 10.1017/s1431927616011818 |
Popis: | The peroxyformic process is based on the action of a carboxylic acid (mainly formic acid) and the corresponding peroxyacid. The influences of processing time (60–180 min), formic acid concentration (80–95%), temperature (60–80°C), and hydrogen peroxide concentration (2–4%) on peroxyformic pulping of agave leaves were studied by surface response methodology using a face-centered factorial design. Empirical models were obtained for the prediction of yield,κnumber (KN) and pulp viscosity as functions of the aforementioned variables. Mathematical optimization enabled us to select a set of operational variables that produced the best fractionation of the material with the following results: pulp yield (26.9%), KN (3.6), and pulp viscosity (777 mL/g). Furthermore, this work allowed the description and evaluation of changes to the agave fibers during the fractionation process using different microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, and provided a comprehensive and qualitative view of the phenomena occurring in the delignification of agave fibers. The use of confocal and scanning electron microscopy provided a detailed understanding of the microstructural changes to the lignin and cellulose in the fibers throughout the process, whereas Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that cellulose in the pulp after treatment was mainly of type I. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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