Trends in the occurrence of large Whooping Crane groups during migration in the great plains, USA
| Autor: | Matt Rabbe, Jenna Malzahn, Anne E. Lacy, Andrew J. Caven |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Applied ecology Population Landscape ecology Wildlife Endangered species Article 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Population growth lcsh:Social sciences (General) education lcsh:Science (General) Migration education.field_of_study Great plains Multidisciplinary Ecology Population size Whooping Crane Flocking 030104 developmental biology Habitat destruction Geography Fauna Wetlands Wildlife ecology Ecosystem change lcsh:H1-99 Flock Zoology 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Animal behavior Demography lcsh:Q1-390 |
| Zdroj: | Heliyon, Vol 6, Iss 4, Pp e03549-(2020) Heliyon |
| ISSN: | 2405-8440 |
| Popis: | Recent detections of large gatherings of Whooping Cranes suggest that flock sizes may be increasing at some stopover locations during both the spring and fall migrations. We used the public sightings database managed by the US Fish and Wildlife Service from 1942 to 2018 to analyze data for long-term trends in group size. We then examined the spatial distribution of large groups to explore potential explanations for these occurrences. The proportion of Whooping Crane groups comprised of 2, 3, and 4–6 individuals showed no trend over time. However, observations of individuals showed a declining trend and groups of 7–9 and ≥10 showed an increasing trend. The frequency of groups observed exceeding 5 and 10 individuals were better predicted by survey year than by Whooping Crane population size suggesting that an increasing population is not the sole driver of large group occurrences. Our results indicate that large groups occur disproportionately within the 50% migration corridor, at staging areas within the first or last 20–30% of the migration path, and near conservation-managed wetlands, particularly within the southern Great Plains. Our results suggest that in addition to population growth, conspecific attraction, location within the migration corridor, and habitat loss may be contributing to large group occurrences. Further research is needed to determine the degree to which these factors influence large Whooping Crane group formation. The gathering of large numbers of Whooping Cranes in a single location presents potential tradeoffs for the species. While increasing group sizes may improve threat detection and avoidance, it comes at a cost of increased disease and mass mortality risk. Flocking, animal behavior, landscape ecology, Whooping Crane, migration, wetlands, Great Plains, endangered species; Ecology; Applied Ecology; Ecosystem Change; Wildlife Ecology; Fauna; Zoology |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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