Geographical Variation in Flower Color in the Grassland Daisy Gerbera aurantiaca: Testing for Associations With Pollinators and Abiotic Factors
| Autor: | Trevor J. Edwards, Steven D. Johnson, Isabel Marion Johnson |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
honeybees genetic structures Evolution Color vision Population Orange (colour) Biology 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences Grassland Genetic drift Pollinator Botany pollinator color preference QH359-425 beetle pollination flower color polymorphism education QH540-549.5 Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics Abiotic component education.field_of_study Phenotypic plasticity geography geography.geographical_feature_category Ecology abiotic factors fungi food and beverages common garden 010606 plant biology & botany |
| Zdroj: | Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Vol 9 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 2296-701X |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fevo.2021.676520 |
| Popis: | Geographical variation in flower color of a plant species may reflect the outcome of selection by pollinators or may reflect abiotic factors such as soil chemistry or neutral processes such as genetic drift. Here we document striking geographical structure in the color of capitula of the endemic South African grassland daisy Gerbera aurantiaca and ask which of these competing explanations best explains this pattern. The color of capitula ranges from predominantly red in the southwest to yellow in the center, with some northern populations showing within-population polymorphism. Hopliine scarab beetles were the most abundant flower visitors in all populations, apart from a yellow-flowered one where honeybees were frequent. In a mixed color population, yellow, orange and red morphs were equally attractive to hopliine beetles and did not differ significantly in terms of fruit set. Beetles were attracted to both red and yellow pan traps, but preferred the latter even at sites dominated by the red morph. We found no strong associations between morph color and abiotic factors, including soil chemistry. Plants in a common garden retained the capitulum color of the source population, even when grown from seed, suggesting that flower color variation is not a result of phenotypic plasticity. These results show that flower color in G. aurantiaca is geographically structured, but the ultimate evolutionary basis of this color variation remains elusive. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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