Brain structure and function related to cognitive reserve variables in normal aging, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
Autor: | Pere Vendrell, Cristina Solé-Padullés, Maite Barrios, Lorena Rami, A Villar, Beatriu Bosch, David Bartrés-Faz, José Luis Molinuevo, Imma C. Clemente, Carme Junqué, M. Angeles Jurado, Núria Bargalló |
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Rok vydání: | 2009 |
Předmět: |
Male
Aging Brain activity and meditation Models Neurological Brain Structure and Function Neuropathology Neuropsychological Tests Severity of Illness Index Brain mapping Disability Evaluation Alzheimer Disease Reference Values Parietal Lobe Surveys and Questionnaires Neural Pathways medicine Humans Aged Cognitive reserve Intelligence Tests Brain Mapping Neuronal Plasticity General Neuroscience Parietal lobe Brain Cognition medicine.disease Magnetic Resonance Imaging Temporal Lobe Female Neurology (clinical) Nerve Net Geriatrics and Gerontology Alzheimer's disease Cognition Disorders Psychology Neuroscience Developmental Biology |
Zdroj: | Neurobiology of Aging. 30:1114-1124 |
ISSN: | 0197-4580 |
Popis: | Cognitive reserve (CR) is the brain's capacity to cope with cerebral damage to minimize clinical manifestations. The 'passive model' considers head or brain measures as anatomical substrates of CR, whereas the 'active model' emphasizes the use of brain networks effectively. Sixteen healthy subjects, 12 amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 16 cases with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) were included to investigate the relationships between proxies of CR and cerebral measures considered in the 'passive' and 'active' models. CR proxies were inferred premorbid IQ (WAIS Vocabulary test), 'education-occupation', a questionnaire of intellectual and social activities and a composite CR measure. MRI-derived whole-brain volumes and brain activity by functional MRI during a visual encoding task were obtained. Among healthy elders, higher CR was related to larger brains and reduced activity during cognitive processing, suggesting more effective use of cerebral networks. In contrast, higher CR was associated with reduced brain volumes in MCI and AD and increased brain function in the latter, indicating more advanced neuropathology but that active compensatory mechanisms are still at work in higher CR patients. The right superior temporal gyrus (BA 22) and the left superior parietal lobe (BA 7) showed greatest significant differences in direction of slope with CR and activation between controls and AD cases. Finally, a regression analysis revealed that fMRI patterns were more closely related to CR proxies than brain volumes. Overall, inverse relationships for healthy and pathological aging groups emerged between brain structure and function and CR variables. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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