Age- and Sex-Adjusted Reference Intervals in Tear Cytokine Levels in Healthy Subjects

Autor: Carmen García-Vázquez, Amalia Enríquez-de-Salamanca, Itziar Fernández, Margarita Calonge, Alejandro Portero, José M. Herreras
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Technology
medicine.drug_class
QH301-705.5
medicine.medical_treatment
QC1-999
Physiology
chemistry.chemical_compound
Epidermal growth factor
medicine
General Materials Science
Enfermedad del ojo seco
Biology (General)
Instrumentation
QD1-999
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes
Ojo Enfermedades y defectos
business.industry
GAMLSS models
Process Chemistry and Technology
Monocyte
Physics
General Engineering
Healthy subjects
Interleukin
biomarkers
Influencia de la edad y el sexo
age- and sex-influence
Receptor antagonist
Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
dry eye disease
eye diseases
Computer Science Applications
Reference intervals
Vascular endothelial growth factor
Ophthalmology
Chemistry
Biomarcadores
medicine.anatomical_structure
Cytokine
chemistry
reference intervals
Citocinas lagrimales
3201.09 Oftalmología
tear cytokines
TA1-2040
business
Zdroj: Applied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 8958, p 8958 (2021)
Applied Sciences
Volume 11
Issue 19
ISSN: 2076-3417
Popis: Producción Científica
Alterations in tear cytokine levels have been associated with various ocular disorders as compared to those in healthy subjects. However, age and sex are not always considered in these comparisons. In this study we aimed to establish age and sex reference intervals (RIs) for tear cytokine levels in healthy people. Tear samples were taken from 75 males and 82 females, aged 18–88 years, and tear cytokine levels were determined. Age- and sex-adjusted RIs for epidermal growth factor (EGF), fractalkine, interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist (RA), IL-7, IL-8, interferon inducible protein (IP)-10, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) tear cytokine levels in a healthy sample were established using generalized additive for location, scale and shape (GAMLSS) models. RIs were tested in two external samples: a validation sample of 40 individuals with normal results at four Dry Eye Disease (DED) clinical diagnostic tests (OSDI, T-BUT, corneal staining and Schirmer test); and a utility sample of 13 severe DED cases. IL-1RA, IL-8, IP-10, and MCP-1 levels showed a positive association with age, while EGF was negatively correlated. IL-7 concentration increased up to 40 years and again after 70 years, observing a quasi-linear decrease between them. For VEGF, higher levels were observed in the middle-aged range. Regarding sex-influence, fractalkine tear levels were higher in men, whereas those of IL-7, IL-8, and IP-10 were higher in women. Using the estimated age- and sex-adjusted RIs, more than 92% of the validation sample was correctly classified, and 100% of the severe DED patients in the utility sample had concentrations outside the RIs in at least two of the cytokines evaluated.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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