Hypothetical novel simulations to explain the evolutionary survival of the hypo-reproductive extreme tail in the complex human diversity
| Autor: | Mai Hirakata, Naomi Ijichi, Akiyo Kamachi, Shinji Ijichi, Rie Tanuma, Yuka Yamaguchi, Hisami Sameshima, Sayuri Fushuku, Junko Nagata, Chikako Imamura, Hirofumi Morioka, Yoichi Kawaike, Yukina Ijichi |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Statistics and Probability
Survival of the fittest Population Normal Distribution Reproductive Behavior Biology General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology 03 medical and health sciences Human diversity 0302 clinical medicine Humans Computer Simulation Autistic Disorder education 030304 developmental biology Stochastic Processes 0303 health sciences education.field_of_study Mechanism (biology) Applied Mathematics Assortative mating General Medicine Models Theoretical Biological Evolution Evolutionary biology Modeling and Simulation Schizophrenia Epistasis Genetic Fitness 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Biosystems. 204:104393 |
| ISSN: | 0303-2647 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.biosystems.2021.104393 |
| Popis: | Hierarchical structures which lie hidden between human complex conditions and reproductivity cannot be simple, and trends of each population component does not necessarily pertain to evolutionary theories. As an illustration, the fitness of individuals with heritable extreme conditions can be low across continuing generations in observational data. Autism and schizophrenia are characterized by such evolutionary paradox of survival and hypo-reproductivity in the complex human diversity. Theoretical mechanisms for the observational fact were evaluated using a simple formula which was established to simulate stochastic epistasis-mediated phenotypic diversity. The survival of the hypo-reproductive extreme tail could be imitated just by the predominant presence of stochastic epistasis mechanism, suggesting that stochastic epistasis might be a genetic prerequisite for the evolutionary paradox. As supplemental cofactors of stochastic epistasis, a random link of the extreme tail to both un- and hyper-reproductivity and group assortative mating were shown to be effective for the paradox. Especially, the mixed localization of un- and hyper-reproductivity in the tail of a generational population evidently induced the continuous survival of outliers and extremes. These hypothetical considerations and mathematical simulations may suggest the significance of stochastic epistasis as the essential genetic background of complex human diversity. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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