Green tobacco sickness: mecamylamine, varenicline, and nicotine vaccine as clinical research tools and potential therapeutics
| Autor: | Lance R. McMahon |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Nicotine
medicine.medical_specialty Nausea Nicotinic Antagonists Mecamylamine 030226 pharmacology & pharmacy Article 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound 0302 clinical medicine Internal medicine Tobacco medicine Humans Pharmacology (medical) Nicotinic Agonists General Pharmacology Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Varenicline Vaccines business.industry General Medicine medicine.disease Nicotine poisoning Agricultural Workers' Diseases Plant Leaves Clinical research chemistry 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Vomiting medicine.symptom Green Tobacco Sickness business medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology. 12:189-195 |
| ISSN: | 1751-2441 1751-2433 |
| DOI: | 10.1080/17512433.2019.1570844 |
| Popis: | INTRODUCTION: Green tobacco sickness occurs from transdermal absorption of chemicals from freshly harvested, green tobacco leaves. Signs and symptoms include nausea, vomiting, headache, and abdominal cramps. Prevalence has shifted from the United States and Europe to China, India, and Brazil. Worldwide 8 million individuals are afflicted, including women and children. AREAS COVERED: Mecamylamine (Inversine(®), Vecamyl(®)), a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist, should be tested as a remedy for green tobacco sickness. Mecamylamine is approved as an oral tablet for the treatment of hypertension, is safe, and is off-patent. Mecamylamine attenuates many of the effects of nicotine and tobacco including seizures, thereby supporting its use as an effective pharmacotherapy for tobacco dependence. Varenicline (Chantix(®)) and cytisine (Tabex(®)) are low efficacy (i.e., intrinsic activity) nAChR agonists, are used as smoking cessation aids, and are viable options to test as remedies against green tobacco sickness. Nicotine immunization strategies may provide further options for future testing. EXPERT COMMENTARY: Efforts to demonstrate reversal and/or prevention of green tobacco sickness by mecamylamine will underscore the importance of nicotine in this illness and highlight a new medication for effective treatment of tobacco poisoning. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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