De Novo Genome Assembly of the Japanese Wheat Cultivar Norin 61 Highlights Functional Variation in Flowering Time and Fusarium-Resistant Genes in East Asian Genotypes
| Autor: | Sean Walkowiak, Sudharsan Padmarasu, Martin Mascher, Emily Delorean, Georg Haberer, Masaomi Hatakeyama, Curtis J. Pozniak, Tomohiro Ban, Kanako Kawaura, Kentaro Shimizu, Jesse Poland, Shuhei Nasuda, Toshiaki Tameshige, Tetsuya Nakazaki, Dario Copetti, Juan J. Gutierrez-Gonzalez, Kazuki Murata, Klaus F. X. Mayer, Nils Stein, Thomas Wicker, Fuminori Kobayashi, Hiroyuki Tsuji, Rie Shimizu-Inatsugi, Jun Sese, Axel Himmelbach, Catharine Aquino, Kazusa Nishimura, Moeko Okada, Gary J. Muehlbauer, Tony Kuo, Manuel Spannagl, Cécile Monat, Hirokazu Handa |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
0301 basic medicine Physiology Sequence assembly Plant Science AcademicSubjects/SCI01180 Bread wheat 01 natural sciences Genome chemistry.chemical_compound Fusarium Genotype Cultivar Phylogeny Triticum Disease Resistance 2. Zero hunger Genetics Asia Eastern Chromosome Mapping food and beverages General Medicine Norin 61 ddc Florigen Genome Plant Rapid Paper Locus (genetics) Flowers Asian germplasm Biology Genes Plant Chromosomes Plant Polyploidy Cytogenetics 03 medical and health sciences Adaptation Asian Germplasm Bread Wheat Genome Assembly Allele Gene Genetic Association Studies Genome assembly AcademicSubjects/SCI01210 Genetic Variation Sequence Analysis DNA Cell Biology 030104 developmental biology chemistry Sequence Alignment 010606 plant biology & botany |
| Zdroj: | Plant & Cell Physiology, 62 (1) Plant and Cell Physiology Plant Cell Physiol. 62, 8-27 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 1471-9053 |
| DOI: | 10.1093/pcp/pcaa152 |
| Popis: | Bread wheat is a major crop that has long been the focus of basic and breeding research. Assembly of its genome has been difficult because of its large size and allohexaploid nature (AABBDD genome). Following the first reported assembly of the genome of the experimental strain Chinese Spring (CS), the 10+ Wheat Genomes Project was launched to produce multiple assemblies of worldwide modern cultivars. The only Asian cultivar in the project is Norin 61, a representative Japanese cultivar adapted to grow across a broad latitudinal range, mostly characterized by a wet climate and a short growing season. Here, we characterize the key aspects of its chromosome-scale genome assembly spanning 15 Gb with a raw scaffold N50 of 22 Mb. Analysis of the repetitive elements identified chromosomal regions unique to Norin 61 that encompass a tandem array of the pathogenesis-related 13 family. We report novel copy-number variations in the B homeolog of the florigen gene FT1/VRN3, pseudogenization of its D homeolog and the association of its A homeologous alleles with the spring/winter growth habit. Furthermore, the Norin 61 genome carries typical East Asian functional variants different from CS, ranging from a single nucleotide to multi-Mb scale. Examples of such variation are the Fhb1 locus, which confers Fusarium head-blight resistance, Ppd-D1a, which confers early flowering, Glu-D1f for Asian noodle quality and Rht-D1b, which introduced semi-dwarfism during the green revolution. The adoption of Norin 61 as a reference assembly for functional and evolutionary studies will enable comprehensive characterization of the underexploited Asian bread wheat diversity. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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