Intestinal Absorption of Bile Acids in Health and Disease
| Autor: | Pradeep K. Dudeja, Ravinder K. Gill, Waddah A. Alrefai, Pooja Malhotra, Alexander L. Ticho |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
medicine.medical_specialty medicine.drug_class digestive system Intestinal absorption Article Bile Acids and Salts 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Internal medicine medicine Animals Humans Enterohepatic circulation Bile acid Chemistry FGF15 Fatty liver Lipid metabolism medicine.disease G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 030104 developmental biology Endocrinology Intestinal Absorption Liver 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology Farnesoid X receptor |
| Zdroj: | Comprehensive Physiology |
| ISSN: | 2040-4603 |
| Popis: | The intestinal reclamation of bile acids is crucial for the maintenance of their enterohepatic circulation. The majority of bile acids are actively absorbed via specific transport proteins that are highly expressed in the distal ileum. The uptake of bile acids by intestinal epithelial cells modulates the activation of cytosolic and membrane receptors such as the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1), which has a profound effect on hepatic synthesis of bile acids as well as glucose and lipid metabolism. Extensive research has focused on delineating the processes of bile acid absorption and determining the contribution of dysregulated ileal signaling in the development of intestinal and hepatic disorders. For example, a decrease in the levels of the bile acid-induced ileal hormone FGF15/19 is implicated in bile acid-induced diarrhea (BAD). Conversely, the increase in bile acid absorption with subsequent overload of bile acids could be involved in the pathophysiology of liver and metabolic disorders such as fatty liver diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review article will attempt to provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms involved in the intestinal handling of bile acids, the pathological implications of disrupted intestinal bile acid homeostasis, and the potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of bile acid-related disorders. Published 2020. Compr Physiol 10:21-56, 2020. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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