Effects of drinking water, sanitation, handwashing, and nutritional interventions on immune status in young children: a cluster-randomized controlled trial in rural Bangladesh
| Autor: | Stephen P. Luby, Firdaus S. Dhabhar, Leanne Unicomb, Md. Saheen Hossen, Caitlin Hemlock, Md. Rabiul Karim, Sunny Shahriar, Palash Mutsuddi, Md. Ziaur Rahman, Syeda L Famida, Lisa Kim, Sophia Tan, Lisa Hester, Andrew Mertens, Benjamin F. Arnold, Abul K. Shoab, Christine P. Stewart, Salma Akther, Audrie Lin, Alan Hubbard, John M. Colford, Lia C. H. Fernald, Zachary Butzin-Dozier, Mahbubur Rahman, Shahjahan Ali |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Immune status
medicine.medical_specialty Sanitation business.industry medicine.medical_treatment media_common.quotation_subject Psychological intervention Immune markers Disease cluster Early life law.invention Cytokine Immune system Nutritional Interventions Randomized controlled trial law Hygiene Environmental health Internal medicine Medicine Tumor necrosis factor alpha Cluster randomised controlled trial business media_common |
| Popis: | While studies have speculated that immune function may play a role in how water, sanitation, hygiene, and nutritional (N+WSH) interventions may individually impact child growth and development, the combined effects of these interventions on immune system development are unknown. Here, we report on a trial in rural Bangladesh, where we cluster-randomized pregnant women into control and N+WSH arms. Among the birth cohort, we quantified plasma IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-12p70, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-21, IL-10, and GM-CSF at ages 14 and 28 months. Cytokine ratios were included as prespecified outcomes to examine the net inflammatory environment. We assessed 704 children. After one year, TNF-α/IL-10, IL-12/IL-10, and IL-17A/IL-10 ratios were lower in the intervention group compared to the control group (mean difference: -0.12 to -0.19, p |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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