Maternal hyperglycemia and fetal cardiac development: Clinical impact and underlying mechanisms
| Autor: | Vidu Garg, Madhumita Basu |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Heart Defects
Congenital 0301 basic medicine Embryology Heart disease Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Population Mothers Cardiomegaly Maternal diabetes Toxicology Bioinformatics Maternal hyperglycemia Article Mice 03 medical and health sciences Fetal Heart Pregnancy Risk Factors Diabetes Mellitus Prevalence medicine Animals Humans cardiovascular diseases Cardiac morphogenesis education education.field_of_study Fetus business.industry Incidence medicine.disease Diabetes Gestational Disease Models Animal 030104 developmental biology Hyperglycemia Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects Pediatrics Perinatology and Child Health Etiology Environmental Risk Factor Female business Developmental Biology |
| Zdroj: | Birth Defects Research. 110:1504-1516 |
| ISSN: | 2472-1727 |
| Popis: | Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common type of birth defect and is both a significant pediatric and adult health problem, in light of a growing population of survivors. The etiology of CHD has been considered to be multifactorial with genetic and environmental factors playing important roles. The combination of advances in cardiac developmental biology, which have resulted in the elucidation of molecular pathways regulating normal cardiac morphogenesis, and genome sequencing technology have allowed the discovery of numerous genetic contributors of CHD ranging from chromosomal abnormalities to single gene variants. On the other hand, mechanistic details of the contribution of environmental factors to CHD remain unknown. Maternal diabetes mellitus (matDM) is a well-established and increasingly prevalent environmental risk factor for CHD, but the underlying etiologic mechanisms by which pre-gestational matDM increases the vulnerability of embryos to cardiac malformations remains largely elusive. Here, we will briefly discuss the multifactorial etiology of CHD with a focus on the epidemiologic link between matDM and CHD. We will describe the animal models used to study the underlying mechanisms between matDM and CHD and review the numerous cellular and molecular pathways affected by maternal hyperglycemia in the developing heart. Lastly, we discuss how this increased understanding may open the door for the development of novel prevention strategies to reduce the incidence of CHD in this high-risk population. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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