Recommended Default Methodology for Analysis of Airborne Exposures to Mixtures of Chemicals in Emergencies
| Autor: | T. J. Powell, D. K. Craig, L.L. Dukes, Achille J. Petrocchi, R.L. Baskett, D. J. Hansen, P. J. Sutherland, T. E. Tuccinardi, J. S. Davis |
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| Rok vydání: | 1999 |
| Předmět: |
Air Pollutants
Emergency management business.industry Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Air pollution Disaster Planning Guidelines as Topic Hazard analysis medicine.disease_cause Risk Assessment Hazard Hazardous Substances United States Chemical mixtures Reference Values Hazardous waste Environmental health medicine Humans Environmental science Emergency planning business Environmental Monitoring |
| Zdroj: | Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. 14:609-617 |
| ISSN: | 1521-0898 1047-322X |
| Popis: | Emergency planning and hazard assessment of Department of Energy (DOE) facilities require consideration of potential exposures to mixtures of chemicals released to the atmosphere. Exposure to chemical mixtures may lead to additive, synergistic, or antagonistic health effects. In the past, the consequences of exposures to each chemical have been analyzed separately. This approach may not adequately protect the health of persons exposed to mixtures. This article presents default recommendations for use in emergency management and safety analysis within the DOE complex where potential exists for releases of mixtures of chemicals. These recommendations were developed by the DOE Subcommittee on Consequence Assessment and Protective Actions (SCAPA). It is recommended that hazard indices (e.g., HIi = Ci/Limiti, where Ci is the concentration of chemical "i") be calculated for each chemical, and unless sufficient toxicological knowledge is available to indicate otherwise, that they be summed, that is, sigma i(n) = 1HIi = HI1 + HI2 + ... + HIn. A sum of 1.0 or less means the limits have not been exceeded. To facilitate application of these recommendations for analysis of exposures to specific mixtures, chemicals are classified according to their toxic consequences. This is done using health code numbers describing toxic effects by target organ for each chemical. This methodology has been applied to several potential releases of chemicals to compare the resulting hazard indices of a chemical mixture with those obtained when each chemical is treated independently. The methodology used and results obtained from analysis of one mixture are presented in this article. This article also demonstrates how health code numbers can be used to sum hazard indices only for those chemicals that have the same toxic consequence. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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