Endophytic Fungi in Indigenous Australasian Grasses Associated with Toxicity to Livestock
| Autor: | Margaret E. di Menna, O. J.-P. Ball, Heather H. Wilkinson, Geoffrey A. Lane, R. A. Prestidge, Surrey W. L. Jacobs, Ian Garthwaite, G. C. M. Latch, Sergio L. Marshall, Christopher L. Schardl, Christopher O. Miles |
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| Rok vydání: | 1998 |
| Předmět: |
Perennial ryegrass staggers
Ecology biology Acremonium fungi Australia food and beverages Mycology Fungus Poaceae biology.organism_classification Neotyphodium Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Endophyte Plant use of endophytic fungi in defense Botany Animals Cattle Listronotus bonariensis Epichloë New Zealand Food Science Biotechnology |
| Zdroj: | Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 64:601-606 |
| ISSN: | 1098-5336 0099-2240 |
| DOI: | 10.1128/aem.64.2.601-606.1998 |
| Popis: | Grazing ofEchinopogonspp. by livestock in Australia has caused symptoms similar to those of perennial ryegrass staggers. We observed an endophytic fungus in the intercellular spaces of the leaves and seeds of New Zealand and Australian specimens ofEchinopogon ovatus. Culture of surface-sterilized seeds from New Zealand specimens yielded a slow-growing fungus. An examination in which immunoblotting and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used indicated thatE. ovatusplants from Australia and New Zealand were infected with fungi serologically related toNeotyphodium lolii(the endophyte of perennial ryegrass) and otherEpichloeandNeotyphodiumspp. endophytic in pooid grasses. No lolitrems (the indole–diterpenoids implicated as the causative agents of perennial ryegrass staggers), peramine analogs, or ergot alkaloids were detected in the infected specimens by high-performance liquid chromatography or ELISA. However, in endophyte-infectedE. ovatusplants from New Zealand, analogs of the indole–diterpenoid paxilline (thought to be a biosynthetic precursor of the lolitrems and related tremorgens) were detected by ELISA, andN-formylloline was detected by gas chromatography. Endophyte-free specimens of New ZealandE. ovatusdid not contain detectable paxilline analogs or lolines and were more palatable than infected specimens to adults of the pasture pestListronotus bonariensis(Argentine stem weevil). Hyphae similar to those of theE. ovatusendophyte were also found in herbarium specimens ofEchinopogon nutansvar.major,Echinopogon intermedius,Echinopogon caespitosus, andEchinopogon cheeli. This appears to be the first time that an endophyticNeotyphodiumspecies has been identified in grasses endemic to New Zealand or Australia. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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