Variability of the Red River Plume in the Gulf of Tonkin as Revealed by Numerical Modeling and Clustering Analysis
| Autor: | Tung Nguyen-Duy, Nadia K. Ayoub, Patrick Marsaleix, Florence Toublanc, Pierre De Mey-Frémaux, Violaine Piton, Marine Herrmann, Thomas Duhaut, Manh Cuong Tran, Thanh Ngo-Duc |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), University of sciences and technologies of hanoi (USTH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) |
| Předmět: |
clustering analysis
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Lag Science k-means Flow (psychology) Ocean Engineering Aquatic Science QH1-199.5 Monsoon Oceanography unsupervised learning 01 natural sciences issues estuary red river bay continental-shelf biscay wind river plume Precipitation K-means 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Water Science and Technology [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere Red River Global and Planetary Change 010505 oceanography General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution passive tracers ocean Plume Current (stream) 13. Climate action [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] transport coastal ocean modeling Environmental science circulation Submarine pipeline Surface runoff iberia |
| Zdroj: | Frontiers in Marine Science Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media, 2021, 8, ⟨10.3389/fmars.2021.772139⟩ Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 8 (2021) Frontiers In Marine Science (2296-7745) (Frontiers Media SA), 2021-11, Vol. 8, P. 772139 (25p.) Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021, 8, pp.772139. ⟨10.3389/fmars.2021.772139⟩ Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media, 2021, 8, pp.772139. ⟨10.3389/fmars.2021.772139⟩ |
| ISSN: | 2296-7745 |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fmars.2021.772139⟩ |
| Popis: | International audience; We study the daily to interannual variability of the Red River plume in the Gulf of Tonkin from numerical simulations at high resolution over 6 years (2011–2016). Compared with observational data, the model results show good performance. To identify the plume, passive tracers are used in order to (1) help distinguish the freshwater coming from different continental sources, including the Red River branches, and (2) avoid the low salinity effect due to precipitation. We first consider the buoyant plume formed by the Red River waters and three other nearby rivers along the Vietnamese coast. We show that the temporal evolution of the surface coverage of the plume is correlated with the runoff (within a lag), but that the runoff only cannot explain the variability of the river plume; other processes, such as winds and tides, are involved. Using a K-means unsupervised machine learning algorithm, the main patterns of the plume and their evolution in time are analyzed and linked to different environmental conditions. In winter, the plume is narrow and sticks along the coast most of the time due to the downcoast current and northeasterly wind. In early summer, the southwesterly monsoon wind makes the plume flow offshore. The plume reaches its highest coverage in September after the peak of runoff. Vertically, the plume thickness also shows seasonal variations. In winter, the plume is narrow and mixed over the whole water depth, while in summer, the plume can be detached both from the bottom and the coast. The plume can deepen offshore in summer, due to strong wind (in May, June) or specifically to a recurrent eddy occurring near 19°N (in August). This first analysis of the variability of the Red River plume can be used to provide a general picture of the transport of materials from the river to the ocean, for example in case of anthropogenic chemical substances leaked to the river. For this purpose, we provide maps of the receiving basins for the different river systems in the Gulf of Tonkin.Introduction |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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