Reproductive pattern in the solanum mealybug, Phenacoccus solani: A new perspective
| Autor: | Li Xiaowei, Juan Zhang, Yaobin Lu, Muhammad Hafeez, Fuying Zhi, Jinming Zhang, Wang Likun, Zhijun Zhang, Huang Jun |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Oviposition Zoology lcsh:Medicine Biology 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology Reproductive pattern 03 medical and health sciences Egg Eggshell Mealybug 030304 developmental biology 0303 health sciences General Neuroscience fungi lcsh:R Embryo General Medicine Parthenogenesis Ovoviviparity biology.organism_classification Hemiptera embryonic structures Phenacoccus solani Solanum General Agricultural and Biological Sciences Moulting |
| Zdroj: | PeerJ, Vol 8, p e9734 (2020) |
| ISSN: | 2167-8359 |
| Popis: | BackgroundThe reproductive pattern of most scale insects is ovoviviparity. The solanum mealybug,Phenacoccus solani(Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is known as a thelytokous parthenogenetic species, but there is still debate about the reproductive strategies of this species.MethodsHere, we investigated the oviposition characteristics ofP. solaniand used scanning/transmission electron microscopy and RNA-seq to identify the differences between two types of eggs.ResultsWe found thatP. solanilaid two types of eggs in one batch, with no significant difference in apparent size: one with eyespots that hatched and another without eyespots that failed to hatch. Furthermore, the physiological and molecular differences between the two types of eggs were highly significant. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed significant enrichment for the JAK-STAT, Notch, Hippo, and Wnt signaling pathways and dorsoventral axis formation, wax biosynthesis, cell cycle, insulin secretion, and nitrogen metabolism pathways. The results suggest that the embryo of the egg undergoes development inside the mother and only a short molting period outside the mother.DiscussionOvoviviparous species produce eggs and keep them inside the mother’s body until they are ready to hatch, and the offspring exits the egg shell during or immediately following oviposition. Therefore, we suggest that the reproductive pattern ofP. solanican be described as ovoviviparity. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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