Design and Fabrication of Complex Scaffolds for Bone Defect Healing: Combined 3D Plotting of a Calcium Phosphate Cement and a Growth Factor-Loaded Hydrogel
| Autor: | Ashwini Rahul Akkineni, Sven Knaack, Michael Gelinsky, Yvonne Förster, Tilman Ahlfeld, Tino Köhler, Anja Lode |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Calcium Phosphates
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A Scaffold Bone Regeneration Fabrication Materials science medicine.medical_treatment 0206 medical engineering Biomedical Engineering 3D printing macromolecular substances 02 engineering and technology chemistry.chemical_compound medicine Animals Humans Femur Bone regeneration Tissue Scaffolds business.industry Growth factor Bone Cements technology industry and agriculture Hydrogels 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology 020601 biomedical engineering Gellan gum Rats chemistry Printing Three-Dimensional Drug delivery Self-healing hydrogels 0210 nano-technology business Biomedical engineering |
| Zdroj: | Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 45:224-236 |
| ISSN: | 1573-9686 0090-6964 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s10439-016-1685-4 |
| Popis: | Additive manufacturing enables the fabrication of scaffolds with defined architecture. Versatile printing technologies such as extrusion-based 3D plotting allow in addition the incorporation of biological components increasing the capability to restore functional tissues. We have recently described the fabrication of calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds by 3D plotting of an oil-based CPC paste under mild conditions. In the present study, we have developed a strategy for growth factor loading based on multichannel plotting: a biphasic scaffold design was realised combining CPC with VEGF-laden, highly concentrated hydrogel strands. As hydrogel component, alginate and an alginate-gellan gum blend were evaluated; the blend exhibited a more favourable VEGF release profile and was chosen for biphasic scaffold fabrication. After plotting, two-step post-processing was performed for both, hydrogel crosslinking and CPC setting, which was shown to be compatible with both materials. Finally, a scaffold was designed and fabricated which can be applied for testing in a rat critical size femur defect. Optimization of CPC plotting enabled the fabrication of highly resolved structures with strand diameters of only 200 µm. Micro-computed tomography revealed a precise strand arrangement and an interconnected pore space within the biphasic scaffold even in swollen state of the hydrogel strands. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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