Adaptive venom evolution and toxicity in octopods is driven by extensive novel gene formation, expansion, and loss
| Autor: | Elena A. Ritschard, Ira Cooke, Rute R. da Fonseca, Julian Finn, Brooke Whitelaw, Jan M. Strugnell, Oleg Simakov, M T P Gilbert |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
AcademicSubjects/SCI02254
cephalopod genome Octopodiformes Health Informatics Venom Tetrodotoxin comparative genomics Genome 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Animals Humans Gene family 14. Life underwater Microbiome Gene 030304 developmental biology Comparative genomics 0303 health sciences biology Venoms Research venom evolution biology.organism_classification Adaptation Physiological Computer Science Applications Cephalopod Evolutionary biology Octopus (genus) AcademicSubjects/SCI00960 transposable elements 030217 neurology & neurosurgery gene family expansions |
| Zdroj: | Whitelaw, B L, Cooke, I R, Finn, J, da Fonseca, R R, Ritschard, E A, Gilbert, M T P, Simakov, O & Strugnell, J M 2020, ' Adaptive venom evolution and toxicity in octopods is driven by extensive novel gene formation, expansion, and loss ', GigaScience, vol. 9, no. 11, giaa120 . https://doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giaa120 GigaScience |
| DOI: | 10.1093/gigascience/giaa120 |
| Popis: | Background Cephalopods represent a rich system for investigating the genetic basis underlying organismal novelties. This diverse group of specialized predators has evolved many adaptations including proteinaceous venom. Of particular interest is the blue-ringed octopus genus (Hapalochlaena), which are the only octopods known to store large quantities of the potent neurotoxin, tetrodotoxin, within their tissues and venom gland. Findings To reveal genomic correlates of organismal novelties, we conducted a comparative study of 3 octopod genomes, including the Southern blue-ringed octopus (Hapalochlaena maculosa). We present the genome of this species and reveal highly dynamic evolutionary patterns at both non-coding and coding organizational levels. Gene family expansions previously reported in Octopus bimaculoides (e.g., zinc finger and cadherins, both associated with neural functions), as well as formation of novel gene families, dominate the genomic landscape in all octopods. Examination of tissue-specific genes in the posterior salivary gland revealed that expression was dominated by serine proteases in non–tetrodotoxin-bearing octopods, while this family was a minor component in H. maculosa. Moreover, voltage-gated sodium channels in H. maculosa contain a resistance mutation found in pufferfish and garter snakes, which is exclusive to the genus. Analysis of the posterior salivary gland microbiome revealed a diverse array of bacterial species, including genera that can produce tetrodotoxin, suggestive of a possible production source. Conclusions We present the first tetrodotoxin-bearing octopod genome H. maculosa, which displays lineage-specific adaptations to tetrodotoxin acquisition. This genome, along with other recently published cephalopod genomes, represents a valuable resource from which future work could advance our understanding of the evolution of genomic novelty in this family. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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