Steganographic Analysis of Blockchains
| Autor: | Jean Everson Martina, Alexandre Augusto Giron, Ricardo Felipe Custódio |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
blockchain
Cryptocurrency Computer science 0211 other engineering and technologies bitcoin Context (language use) ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS TP1-1185 02 engineering and technology Computer security computer.software_genre Biochemistry Article Analytical Chemistry Least significant bit 0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineering ethereum Electrical and Electronic Engineering steganography steganalysis Cluster analysis Instrumentation Actual use Steganalysis 021110 strategic defence & security studies Steganography Chemical technology Atomic and Molecular Physics and Optics 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing computer Cryptographic nonce |
| Zdroj: | Sensors Volume 21 Issue 12 Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 4078, p 4078 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 1424-8220 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/s21124078 |
| Popis: | Steganography is one of the ways to hide data between parties. Its use can be worrisome, e.g., to hide illegal communications. Researchers found that public blockchains can be an attractive place to hide communications however, there is not much evidence of actual use in blockchains. Besides, previous work showed a lack of steganalysis methods for blockchains. In this context, we present a steganalysis approach for blockchains, evaluating it in Bitcoin and Ethereum, both popular cryptocurrencies. The main objective is to answer if one can find steganography in real case scenarios, focusing on LSB of addresses and nonces. Our sequential analysis included 253 GiB and 107 GiB of bitcoin and ethereum, respectively. We also analyzed up to 98 million bitcoin clusters. We found that bitcoin clusters could carry up to 360 KiB of hidden data if used for such a purpose. We have not found any concrete evidence of hidden data in the blockchains. The sequential analysis may not capture the perspective of the users of the blockchain network. In this case, we recommend clustering analysis, but it depends on the clustering method’s accuracy. Steganalysis is an essential aspect of blockchain security. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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