Childhood abuse is associated with increased startle reactivity in adulthood
| Autor: | Tanja Jovanovic, Kerry J. Ressler, Seth D. Norrholm, Erica Duncan, Bekh Bradley, Q B A Nineequa Blanding |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2009 |
| Předmět: |
Child abuse
Adult Male Startle response Reflex Startle genetic structures Adolescent Personality Inventory Poison control behavioral disciplines and activities White People Article Stress Disorders Post-Traumatic Risk Factors medicine Humans Child Abuse Child Depressive Disorder medicine.diagnostic_test Blinking Electromyography Adult Survivors of Child Abuse Beck Depression Inventory Child Abuse Sexual Fear Middle Aged Sensory Gating Black or African American Psychiatry and Mental health Clinical Psychology Sexual abuse Anxiety Female medicine.symptom Personality Assessment Inventory Psychology Arousal Clinical psychology Psychopathology |
| Zdroj: | Depression and anxiety. 26(11) |
| ISSN: | 1520-6394 |
| Popis: | Understanding the neurobiological correlates of childhood maltreatment is critical to delineating stress-related psychopathology. The acoustic startle response (ASR) is a subcortical reflex modulated by neural systems implicated in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The ASR is conserved across species and is increased in rodent models of developmental stress.We measured ASR to a 40 ms noise probe as well as fear-potentiated startle using electromyographic recordings of the eyeblink in a primarily African American sample (N=60) from a highly traumatized civilian population. We assessed self-reported history of abuse with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and current symptoms with the PTSD Symptom Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory.We found that subjects reporting a history of high levels of physical or sexual abuse had increased startle on all trial types relative to those with low abuse (P.01). This effect remained significant after co-varying for the subjects' age and sex, as well as PTSD and depression symptoms. Perceived childhood sexual abuse was the greatest predictor of increased startle response. Notably, emotional abuse in childhood did not affect baseline startle, and all groups demonstrated equivalent levels of fear-potentiated startle.The long-lasting effects of early life trauma result in increased risk for adult psychopathology. These new data demonstrate that a self-report history of child abuse is related to altered baseline startle response that is not accounted for by PTSD or depression symptoms. Increased startle may be a biomarker of stress responsiveness that can be a persevering consequence of early trauma exposure during childhood. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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