Medial Longitudinal Arch Development of Children Aged 7 to 9 Years: Longitudinal Investigation
| Autor: | Pui Wah Kong, Jasper W.K. Tong |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Pediatrics medicine.medical_specialty Post hoc Physical Therapy Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation medicine.disease_cause Weight-bearing Weight-Bearing 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Sex Factors Pressure Medicine Arch index Humans Longitudinal Studies Longitudinal cohort Child 030222 orthopedics business.industry Foot Age Factors 030229 sport sciences Confidence interval Foot loading Shoes Medial longitudinal arch Female business Foot (unit) |
| Zdroj: | Physical therapy. 96(8) |
| ISSN: | 1538-6724 |
| Popis: | BackgroundIt is unclear at what age the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) of the foot becomes stable in children. The influence of footwear on MLA development also is unknown.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the MLA development of children using a longitudinal approach. The relationship between wearing different types of footwear and MLA development also was explored longitudinally.DesignThis was a longitudinal cohort observational study.MethodsThe MLA of 111 healthy children (mean age=6.9 years, SD=0.3) was evaluated using 3 parameters (arch index [AI], midfoot peak pressure [PP], and maximum force [MF]) extracted from dynamic foot loading measurements at baseline (t0), 10-month follow-up (t1), and 22-month follow-up (t2). Information on footwear usage was surveyed. Linear mixed modeling was used to test for differences in MLA over time.ResultsThe MLA of the children remained stable over time (AI: t0/t1/t2=0.25 [95% confidence interval (CI)=0.24, 0.26]/0.25 [95% CI=0.24, 0.26]/0.25 [95% CI=0.24, 0.26]; P=.95). When the children's sex was considered, the AI of boys decreased (higher arch) with age (0.26 [95% CI=0.24, 0.27]/0.25 [95% CI=0.24, 0.27]/0.25 [95% CI=0.23, 0.27]; P=.02). Boys also displayed a flatter MLA than girls at age 6.9 years (AI: mean difference=0.02 [95% CI=0.01, 0.04]; P=.02). At baseline, children who wore closed-toe shoes displayed the lowest MLA overall (AI: closed-toe shoes/sandals/slippers=0.26 [95% CI=0.24, 0.28]/0.24 [95% CI=0.23, 0.25]/0.25 [95% CI=0.24, 0.26]; PLimitationsInformation on the type of footwear worn was self-reported and, therefore, may be subjected to recall bias.ConclusionsThe MLA of children remained stable from 7 to 9 years of age. The child's sex and the type of footwear worn during childhood may influence MLA development. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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