Mineral resources and the salience of ethnic identities

Autor: Berman, Nicolas, Couttenier, Mathieu, Girard, Victoire
Přispěvatelé: Lhuillier, Elisabeth, Aix-Marseille School of Economics - - AMSE (EUR)2017 - ANR-17-EURE-0020 - EURE - VALID, INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE - - Amidex2011 - ANR-11-IDEX-0001 - IDEX - VALID, IDEXLYON - - IDEXLYON2016 - ANR-16-IDEX-0005 - IDEX - VALID, Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques (AMSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), CEPR, Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NOVA - School of Business and Economics (NOVA SBE), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), the Swiss National Foundation (grant Ambizione-PZ00P1 161451), the Fundaçao para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (UID/ECO/00124/2013, UID/ECO/00124/2019 and Social Sciences DataLab, Project 22209), POR Lisboa (LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-007722) and POR Norte., ANR-17-EURE-0020,AMSE (EUR),Aix-Marseille School of Economics(2017), ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), ANR-16-IDEX-0005,IDEXLYON,IDEXLYON(2016), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Économie d'Orleans [2022-...] (LEO), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours (UT)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), The project leading to this publication has received funding from the French government under the France 2030' investment plan managed by the French National Research Agency (ANR-17-EURE-0020) and from Excellence Initiative of Aix-Marseille University-A*MIDEX. Mathieu Couttenier acknowledges financial support from the IDEXLYON from the University of Lyon (French National Research Agency, 'Programme Investissements d'Avenir' ANR-16-IDEX-0005) and the Swiss National Foundation (grant Ambizione-PZ00P1 161451). This project benefited from the financial support of the chair Energy and Prosperity. Victoire Girard acknowledges funding by the Swiss National Foundation (Scientific Exchange grant IZSEZ0 179672), the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (UID/ECO/00124/2013, UID/ECO/00124/2019 and Social Sciences DataLab, Project 22209), POR Lisboa (LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-007722) and POR Norte., École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2022
Předmět:
Economics and Econometrics
JEL: O - Economic Development
Innovation
Technological Change
and Growth/O.O1 - Economic Development/O.O1.O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
JEL: O - Economic Development
Innovation
Technological Change
and Growth/O.O5 - Economywide Country Studies/O.O5.O55 - Africa
ethnicity
JEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics/J.J1 - Demographic Economics/J.J1.J15 - Economics of Minorities
Races
Indigenous Peoples
and Immigrants • Non-labor Discrimination
JEL: N - Economic History/N.N5 - Agriculture
Natural Resources
Environment
and Extractive Industries/N.N5.N57 - Africa • Oceania
[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance
natural resources
[SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance
JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q3 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation/Q.Q3.Q32 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development
identity
Zdroj: The Economic Journal
The Economic Journal, 2023, 133 (653), pp.1705-1737. ⟨10.1093/ej/uead018⟩
ISSN: 0013-0133
1468-0297
DOI: 10.1093/ej/uead018⟩
Popis: This paper shows how ethnic identities may become more salient due to natural resources extraction. We combine individual data on the strength of ethnic—relative to national—identities with geo-localised information on the contours of ethnic homelands, and on the timing and location of mineral resources exploitation in 25 African countries, from 2005 to 2015. Our strategy takes advantage of several dimensions of exposure to resources exploitation: time, spatial proximity and ethnic proximity. We find that the strength of an ethnic group identity increases when mineral resource exploitation in that group’s historical homeland intensifies. We argue that this result is at least partly rooted in feelings of relative deprivation associated with the exploitation of the resources. We show that such exploitation has limited positive economic spillovers, especially for members of the indigenous ethnic group; and that the link between mineral resources and the salience of ethnic identities is reinforced among members of powerless ethnic groups and groups with strong baseline identity feelings or living in poorer areas, or areas with a history of conflict. Put together, these findings suggest a new dimension of the natural resource curse: the fragmentation of identities, between ethnic groups and nations.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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