Occurrence and Sources of Synthetic Musk Fragrances in the Sewage Treatment Plants and the Han River, Korea
| Autor: | Jin-Hyo Lee, Ju-Hee Hong, Seok-Ryul Oh, Hyunju Ha, Jun-Yeon Lee, Mok-Young Lee, Kyung-Duk Zoh, Young-Min Lee |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
lcsh:Hydraulic engineering
Geography Planning and Development sewage treatment plant 0211 other engineering and technologies Sewage 02 engineering and technology 010501 environmental sciences Aquatic Science Hair care 01 natural sciences Biochemistry synthetic musk fragrance lcsh:Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes lcsh:TC1-978 Tributary AHTN HHCB Effluent 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Water Science and Technology 021110 strategic defence & security studies geography Musk ketone lcsh:TD201-500 geography.geographical_feature_category business.industry musk ketone personal care product Synthetic musk Environmental chemistry Environmental science Sewage treatment business |
| Zdroj: | Water, Vol 13, Iss 392, p 392 (2021) Water Volume 13 Issue 4 |
| ISSN: | 2073-4441 |
| Popis: | Levels of synthetic musk fragrances (SMFs) and various personal care products (PCPs) were measured in the Han River and its tributaries in Seoul, Korea. The most abundant SMF in all river and PCP samples was 4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethyl-1,3,4,7-tetrahydrocyclopenta(g)sochromene (HHCB), followed by 1-(3,5,5,6,8,8-hexamethyl-6,7-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)ethanone (AHTN), musk ketone (MK), and 1,1,2,3,3-pentamethyl-2,5,6,7-tetrahydroinden-4-one (DPMI). The most abundant SMF in both PCPs and the Han River samples was HHCB, followed by AHTN. Moving from upstream to downstream in the Han River, the median SMF concentration was 6.756, 2.945, 0.304, and 0.141 μg/L in the sewage treatment plant (STP) influents, effluents, tributaries, and mainstream, respectively, implying that effective SMF removal was achieved during the sewage treatment process, followed by dilution in the receiving water. Four STPs using advanced biological treatment processes had removal efficiencies of 58.5%, 56.8%, and 38.1% for HHCB, AHTN, and MK, respectively. The highest SMF concentrations in the tributaries were observed at locations close to the STPs. Our study confirmed that the main source of SMFs in the receiving water were sewage effluents containing untreated SMFs, which largely originate from household PCPs, especially hair care products (e.g., shampoo) and perfumes. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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