The Evolutionary Kaleidoscope of Rhodopsins
| Autor: | Bulzu, Paul-Adrian, Kavagutti, Vinicius S, Andrei, Adrian-Stefan, Ghai, Rohit |
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| Přispěvatelé: | University of Zurich, Bulzu, Paul-Adrian |
| Rok vydání: | 2022 |
| Předmět: |
Rhodopsin
1303 Biochemistry Physiology 2404 Microbiology 1314 Physiology 580 Plants (Botany) Biochemistry Microbiology Computer Science Applications 1105 Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics 10126 Department of Plant and Microbial Biology 1311 Genetics Modeling and Simulation Rhodopsins Microbial 1312 Molecular Biology 1706 Computer Science Applications Genetics 10211 Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center Molecular Biology Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics Phylogeny 2611 Modeling and Simulation |
| Zdroj: | mSystems. 7(5) |
| ISSN: | 2379-5077 |
| Popis: | Rhodopsins are widely distributed across all domains of life where they perform a plethora of functions through the conversion of electromagnetic radiation into physicochemical signals. As a result of an extensive survey of available genomic and metagenomic sequencing data, we reported the existence of novel clades and exotic sequence motifs scattered throughout the evolutionary radiations of both Type-1 and Type-3 rhodopsins that will likely enlarge the optogenetics toolbox. We expanded the typical rhodopsin blueprint by showing that a highly conserved and functionally important arginine residue (i.e., Arg82) was substituted multiple times during evolution by an extensive amino acid spectrum. We proposed the umbrella term Alt-rhodopsins (AltRs) for all such proteins that departed Arg82 orthodoxy. Some AltRs formed novel clades in the rhodopsin phylogeny and were found in giant viruses. Some newly uncovered AltRs were phylogenetically close to heliorhodopsins, which allowed a closer examination of the phylogenetic border between Type-1 rhodopsins and heliorhodopsins. Comprehensive phylogenetic trees and ancestral sequence reconstructions allowed us to advance the hypothesis that proto-heliorhodopsins were a eukaryotic innovation before their subsequent diversification into the extant Type-3 rhodopsins. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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