Conventional and high resolution chemical characterization to assess refinery effluent treatment performance
| Autor: | Jacco Koekkoek, Pim E.G. Leonards, Markus Hjort, Graham Whale, K. den Haan, Eleni Vaiopoulou, Aaron D. Redman |
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| Přispěvatelé: | E&H: Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, AIMMS, E&H: Environmental Bioanalytical Chemistry |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Environmental Engineering
Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis 0208 environmental biotechnology 02 engineering and technology BTEX 010501 environmental sciences Xylenes Wastewater 01 natural sciences Environmental Chemistry Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Effluent 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Total suspended solids Chemical oxygen demand Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Benzene General Medicine General Chemistry Pollution Refinery Hydrocarbons 020801 environmental engineering Effluent quality Treatment Petroleum Environmental chemistry Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography Environmental science Sewage treatment SDG 6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Petroleum hydrocarbons Water Pollutants Chemical |
| Zdroj: | Hjort, M, den Haan, K H, Whale, G, Koekkoek, J, Leonards, P E G, Redman, A D & Vaiopoulou, E 2021, ' Conventional and high resolution chemical characterization to assess refinery effluent treatment performance ', Chemosphere, vol. 278, 130383, pp. 1-12 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130383 Chemosphere, 278:130383, 1-12. Elsevier Limited |
| ISSN: | 0045-6535 |
| Popis: | Refinery effluents represent an emission source of hydrocarbons (HCs) and other constituents to the environment. Thus, characterisation of effluent quality in terms of concentrations of key parameters relative to permitted standards is important and for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), the specific composition of the HC mixture can affect its toxicity to aquatic organisms. Therefore, this study was designed to analyse TPH, benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylenes (BTEX), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), (bio) chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total suspended solids and selected metals before, and after, treatment steps to demonstrate removal efficiencies across 13 refineries with variable wastewater treatment systems. Final discharge concentrations of the measured parameters were by 97% within the so called Best Available Technique Associated Emission Levels (BAT-AELs). Further, TPH composition was characterised using high-resolution two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC) analysis to understand the mass distribution by carbon number and specific chemical class. Measurements were compared to SimpleTreat model predictions for validation. SimpleTreat successfully predicted the shape of the effluent composition since it is essentially a removal constant applied to the influent composition. The predictions were of similar magnitude as, or were greater than, the effluent concentrations since SimpleTreat is based on typical performance and is intended to be conservative. This was especially true for aromatic constituents. Reduction in potential HC exposures also coincided with a decrease in predicted toxicity using a mechanistic oil toxicity model, PETROTOX. Overall, the results indicate that EU petroleum refineries are likely to achieve a high performance level regarding effluent treatment. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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