Experiment Calibrated Simulation Modeling of Crowding Forces in High Density Crowd
Autor: | Na Zhang, Feng Chen, Kai Du, Jingni Song, Yadi Zhu, Weiyu Liu |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2019 |
Předmět: |
crowd force
General Computer Science experimental research Pedestrian 01 natural sciences 010305 fluids & plasmas Crowds 0502 economics and business 0103 physical sciences medicine General Materials Science simulation modeling Simulation Crowd safety 050210 logistics & transportation 05 social sciences Simulation modeling General Engineering Stiffness Crowding Social force model Train Crowd simulation lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering medicine.symptom lcsh:TK1-9971 |
Zdroj: | IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 100162-100173 (2019) |
ISSN: | 2169-3536 |
Popis: | Crowding force is an important index in evaluating the safety of those within high density crowds. However, studies on high density crowd simulation models have not been sufficiently developed, and related experimental studies are not sufficiently detailed to guide modeling research. Models that can reproduce real high density crowds and enable calibration of key parameters are lacking. In this study, we improved the typical social force model to simulate high density crowd motion with the calculation of crowding forces. To simulate high density crowds, pedestrians were modeled using the three-circle model, and an agent-based pedestrian model was formulated that can regulate the psychological force automatically according to crowd density. An individual crowd density calculation method is proposed that is more suitable for high density crowds. To calculate real crowding force, body stiffness was formulated and the corresponding parameters were calibrated by a series of experiments. Field experiments show that passengers bear greater force on their backs than the force on each shoulder in metro carriage. The modified model was verified by comparing the simulation results with observed data. We applied this model to the Beijing subway, and the theoretical maximum crowd densities in different seasons were calculated from the perspective of crowding force to ensure the safety of passengers, which are 7.2 people/m2 in winter and 10.3 people/m2 in summer. Therefore, to ensure passenger safety, the subway operation department should arrange more trains during winter peak hours. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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