The Spatial Variation Mechanism of Size, Velocity, and the Landing Angle of Throughfall Droplets under Maize Canopy
| Autor: | Zhongrui Zhu, Delan Zhu, Maosheng Ge |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Canopy
Irrigation 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Geography Planning and Development Soil science Aquatic Science Spatial distribution 01 natural sciences Biochemistry TD201-500 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Water Science and Technology Splash Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes maize canopy droplets landing angle kinetic energy Hydraulic engineering 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences distribution of drop size and velocity Throughfall Volume (thermodynamics) 040103 agronomy & agriculture Erosion 0401 agriculture forestry and fisheries Environmental science Spatial variability TC1-978 sprinkler irrigation |
| Zdroj: | Water Volume 13 Issue 15 Water, Vol 13, Iss 2083, p 2083 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 2073-4441 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/w13152083 |
| Popis: | Larger diameter and velocity and smaller landing angle of sprinkler irrigation droplets are more likely to cause soil splash and erosion. However, the mechanism of crop canopy influence on the physical parameters of sprinkler droplets is unknown. In this study, with the landing angle of sprinkler irrigation droplets as the independent variable and maize plants (Zea mays L.) as the research object, an indoor sprinkler irrigation experiment was carried out. The effects of maize canopy and variation in sprinkler irrigation droplets landing angle on the value and spatial distribution pattern of size, the velocity, and the landing angle of throughfall droplets was analyzed. In addition, the spatial variation patterns of throughfall droplets size, velocities’ distribution, and individual droplet’s speed, kinetic energy were also explored. The results showed that maize canopy and the decreasing of the sprinkler irrigation droplet landing angle had a positive and obvious effect on reducing the size and velocity of penetrating rain droplets. However, the throughfall droplets’ landing angles were only small variations. When the landing angle of sprinkler irrigation droplets was > 45°, the spatial distribution of throughfall droplets size and velocity corresponded well with the canopy structure and leaf projection area of maize, i.e., the further away from the maize stalk, the larger the size and velocity of throughfall droplets. Nevertheless, if the landing angle of sprinkler irrigation droplets was < 45°, the spatial distribution mentioned above was mainly affected by droplets landing angle. The spatial variation of throughfall droplets’ size and velocities at different measurement points was attributed to the change of the larger droplets’ volume proportion and the equivalent velocity. Although the maize leaves had a certain degree of perturbation effect on the velocities and kinetic energy of the larger kinetic energy droplets, the flight path of these drops did not alter significantly. The results of this research will be of practical value in guiding the development of a new sprayer and the optimum selection of sprinkler heads. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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