Stop the rot. Enzyme inactivation at brain harvest prevents artifacts
Autor: | Gerald A. Dienel |
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Rok vydání: | 2021 |
Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Time Factors Neuropeptide Biochemistry Mass spectrometry imaging 03 medical and health sciences Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience 0302 clinical medicine Neurochemical Metabolomics In vivo Animals Humans chemistry.chemical_classification biology Chemistry Brain Organ Preservation Metabolism Enzyme assay Amino acid 030104 developmental biology Postmortem Changes Spectrometry Mass Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization biology.protein Energy Metabolism 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
Zdroj: | Journal of Neurochemistry. 158:1007-1031 |
ISSN: | 1471-4159 0022-3042 |
Popis: | Post-mortem metabolism is widely recognized to cause rapid and prolonged changes in the concentrations of multiple classes of compounds in brain, that is, they are labile. Post-mortem changes from levels in living brain include components of pathways of metabolism of glucose and energy compounds, amino acids, lipids, signaling molecules, neuropeptides, phosphoproteins, and proteins. Methods that stop enzyme activity at brain harvest were developed almost 50 years ago and have been extensively used in studies of brain functions and diseases. Unfortunately, these methods are not commonly used to harvest brain tissue for mass spectrometry-based metabolomic studies or for imaging mass spectrometry studies (IMS, also called mass spectrometry imaging, MSI, or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-MSI, MALDI-MSI). Instead these studies commonly kill animals, decapitate, dissect out brain and regions of interest if needed, then 'snap' freeze the tissue to stop enzymatic activity after harvest, with post-mortem intervals typically ranging from ~0.5 to 3 min. To increase awareness of the importance of stopping metabolism at harvest and preventing the unnecessary complications of not doing so, this commentary provides examples of labile metabolites and the magnitudes of their post-mortem changes in concentrations during brain harvest. Brain harvest methods that stop metabolism at harvest eliminate post-mortem enzymatic activities and can improve characterization of normal and diseased brain. In addition, metabolomic studies would be improved by reporting absolute units of concentration along with normalized peak areas or fold changes. Then reported values can be evaluated and compared with the extensive neurochemical literature to help prevent reporting of artifactual data. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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