Central chemoreflex sensitivity and sympathetic neural outflow in elite breath-hold divers
| Autor: | Darija Bakovic, Zoran Valic, Jens Jordan, Gordan Dzamonja, Karsten Heusser, Zeljko Dujic, André Diedrich, Michael J. Joyner, Ante Obad, Vladimir Ivancev, Ivan Palada, Jens Tank |
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| Rok vydání: | 2008 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male Sympathetic nervous system Sympathetic Nervous System Time Factors Apnea Physiology Diving Blood Pressure Hyperoxia Hypoxemia Hypercapnia Heart Rate Physiology (medical) Neural Pathways Heart rate medicine Humans Hypoxia Muscle Skeletal business.industry Carbon Dioxide Respiratory Center medicine.disease Chemoreceptor Cells Femoral Artery Oxygen Obstructive sleep apnea Autonomic nervous system Blood pressure medicine.anatomical_structure Inhalation Regional Blood Flow Spirometry Anesthesia medicine.symptom Pulmonary Ventilation business human activities Blood Flow Velocity |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Applied Physiology. 104:205-211 |
| ISSN: | 1522-1601 8750-7587 |
| Popis: | Repeated hypoxemia in obstructive sleep apnea patients increases sympathetic activity, thereby promoting arterial hypertension. Elite breath-holding divers are exposed to similar apneic episodes and hypoxemia. We hypothesized that trained divers would have increased resting sympathetic activity and blood pressure, as well as an excessive sympathetic nervous system response to hypercapnia. We recruited 11 experienced divers and 9 control subjects. During the diving season preceding the study, divers participated in 7.3 ± 1.2 diving fish-catching competitions and 76.4 ± 14.6 apnea training sessions with the last apnea 3–5 days before testing. We monitored beat-by-beat blood pressure, heart rate, femoral artery blood flow, respiration, end-tidal CO2, and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). After a baseline period, subjects began to rebreathe a hyperoxic gas mixture to raise end-tidal CO2 to 60 Torr. Baseline MSNA frequency was 31 ± 11 bursts/min in divers and 33 ± 13 bursts/min in control subjects. Total MSNA activity was 1.8 ± 1.5 AU/min in divers and 1.8 ± 1.3 AU/min in control subjects. Arterial oxygen saturation did not change during rebreathing, whereas end-tidal CO2 increased continuously. The slope of the hypercapnic ventilatory and MSNA response was similar in both groups. We conclude that repeated bouts of hypoxemia in elite, healthy breath-holding divers do not lead to sustained sympathetic activation or arterial hypertension. Repeated episodes of hypoxemia may not be sufficient to drive an increase in resting sympathetic activity in the absence of additional comorbidities. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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