Diminishing returns limit energetic costs of climate change
| Autor: | Travis W. Rusch, Michael J. Angilletta, Jason D. Borchert, Lauren B. Buckley, Ofir Levy |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
0301 basic medicine Climate Change Population Foraging Climate change 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences 03 medical and health sciences biology.animal Animals education Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics education.field_of_study biology Lizard Ecology Temperature Assimilation (biology) Lizards Thermoregulation Cold Temperature 030104 developmental biology Spatial ecology Environmental science Diminishing returns Body Temperature Regulation |
| Zdroj: | Ecology. 98(5) |
| ISSN: | 0012-9658 |
| Popis: | Changes in the time available for organisms to maintain physiologically preferred temperatures (thermal opportunity) is a primary mechanism by which climate change impacts the fitness and population dynamics of organisms. Yet, it is unclear whether losses or gains in thermal opportunity result in proportional changes in rates of energy procurement and use. We experimentally quantified lizard food consumption and energy assimilation at different durations of thermal opportunity. We incorporated these data in an individual-based model of foraging and digestion in lizards to explore the implications of nonlinear responses to shifts in thermal opportunity across a wide geographic range. Our model predicts that shifts in thermal opportunities resulting from climate change alter energy intake primarily through digestion rather than feeding, because simulated lizards were able to fill their gut faster than they can digest their food. Moreover, since rates of energy assimilation decelerate with increasing thermal opportunity, shifts in daily energetic assimilation would depend on the previous opportunity for thermoregulation. In particular, the same changes in thermal opportunity will have little impact on lizards from warm locations, while having a large impact on lizards from cold locations where thermoregulation is possible for only a few hours each day. Energy expenditure followed spatial patterns in thermal opportunity, with greater annual energy expenditure occurring at warmer locations. Our model predicts that lizards will spend more energy under climate change by maintaining higher body temperatures and remaining active longer. However, the predicted changes in energy assimilation following climate change greatly exceeded the predicted increases in energy expenditure. Simple models, which assume constant rates of energy gain during activity, will potentially mislead efforts to understand and predict the biological impacts of climate change. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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