Caffeine and CSC, adenosine A2A antagonists, offer neuroprotection against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity in rat mesencephalic cells
| Autor: | Raimundo Nogueira Oliveira Neto, Hemerson Iury Ferreira Magalhães, F.D. Maia, Manoel Odorico de Moraes, L. Kalyne A. M. Leal, Glauce Socorro de Barros Viana, Geanne M. A. Cunha, Lissiana Magna de Vasconcelos, Hélio Vitoriano Nobre |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2010 |
| Předmět: |
animal structures
Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists Free Radicals Receptor Adenosine A2A Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors Apoptosis Pharmacology medicine.disease_cause Lipid peroxidation Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience chemistry.chemical_compound Parkinsonian Disorders Caffeine medicine Animals MTT assay Rats Wistar Oxidopamine Cytotoxicity Cells Cultured Nitrites Neurons Microglia biology Chemistry Neurotoxicity Cell Biology medicine.disease Rats Substantia Nigra Oxidative Stress Neuroprotective Agents medicine.anatomical_structure nervous system Biochemistry Xanthines Myeloperoxidase Nerve Degeneration Sympatholytics biology.protein Encephalitis Female Lipid Peroxidation Inflammation Mediators Oxidative stress |
| Zdroj: | Neurochemistry International. 56:51-58 |
| ISSN: | 0197-0186 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.neuint.2009.09.001 |
| Popis: | In this study, the cytoprotective effects of caffeine (CAF) and 8-(3-chlorostyryl)-caffeine (CSC), A(2A) receptor antagonists, were tested against 6-OHDA-induced cytotoxicity, in rat mesencephalic cells. Both drugs significantly increased the number of viable cells, after their exposure to 6-OHDA, as measured by the MTT assay. While nitrite levels in the cells were drastically increased by 6-OHDA, their concentrations were brought toward normality after CAF or CSC, indicating that both drugs block 6-OHDA-induced oxidative stress which leads to free radicals generation. A complete blockade of 6-OHDA-induced lipid peroxidation, considered as a major source of DNA damage, was observed after cells treatment with CAF or CSC. 6-OHDA decreased the number of normal cells while increasing the number of apoptotic cells. In the CAF plus 6-OHDA group, a significant recover in the number of viable cells and a decrease in the number of apoptotic cells were seen, as compared to the group treated with 6-OHDA alone. A similar effect was observed after cells exposure to CSC in the presence of 6-OHDA. Unexpectedly, while a significant lower number of activated microglia was observed after cells exposure to CAF plus 6-OHDA, this was not the case after cells exposure to CSC under the same conditions. While CAF lowered the percentage of reactive astrocytes increased by 6-OHDA, CSC presented no effect. The effects of these drugs were also examined on the releases of myeloperoxidase (MPO), an inflammatory marker, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a marker for cytotoxicity, in human neutrophils, in vitro. CSC and CAF (0.1, 1 and 10 microg/ml) produced inhibitions of the MPO release from PMA-stimulated cells, ranging from 45 to 83%. In addition, CSC and CAF (5, 50 and 100 microg/ml) did not show any cytotoxicity in the range of concentrations used, as determined by the LDH assay. All together, our results showed a strong neuroptrotection afforded by caffeine or CSC, on rat mesencephalic cells exposed to 6-OHDA. Furthermore, CSC and caffeine actions, inhibiting MPO as well as LDH releases, would contribute to their possible benefit in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, including DP. These effects are partially due to the ability of these A(2A) antagonists to decrease the cells free radicals production and oxidative stress, that are major components of 6-OHDA-induced cytotoxicity. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|
Full Text from ScienceDirect