Economic costs attributable to smoking in China: update and an 8-year comparison, 2000-2008
| Autor: | Teh-wei Hu, Hai-Yen Sung, Zhengzhong Mao, Lian Yang, Keqin Rao |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2011 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male China medicine.medical_specialty Health (social science) Respiratory Tract Diseases Rural Health Article Indirect costs Age Distribution Cost of Illness Environmental health Economic cost Health care Humans Medicine Mortality Sex Distribution health care economics and organizations Aged Health economics business.industry Rural health Public health Smoking Tobacco control Urban Health Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Health Care Costs Middle Aged Health Surveys Cardiovascular Diseases Female business |
| Zdroj: | Tobacco Control. 20:266-272 |
| ISSN: | 0964-4563 |
| DOI: | 10.1136/tc.2010.042028 |
| Popis: | Objective To estimate the health-related economic costs attributable to smoking in China for persons aged 35 and older in 2003 and in 2008 and to compare these costs with the respective results from 2000. Methods A prevalence-based, disease-specific approach was used to estimate smoking-attributable direct and indirect economic costs. The primary data source was the 2003 and 2008 China National Health Services Survey, which contains individual participant’s smoking status, healthcare use and expenditures. Results The total economic cost of smoking in China amounted to $17.1 billion in 2003 and $28.9 billion in 2008 (both measured in 2008 constant US$). Direct smoking-attributable healthcare costs in 2003 and 2008 were $4.2 billion and $6.2 billion, respectively. Indirect economic costs in 2003 and 2008 were $12.9 billion and $22.7 billion, respectively. Compared to 2000, the direct costs of smoking rose by 72% in 2003 and 154% in 2008, while the indirect costs of smoking rose by 170% in 2003 and 376% in 2008. Conclusions The economic burden of cigarette smoking has increased substantially in China during the past decade and is expected to continue to increase as the national economy and the price of healthcare services grow. Stronger intervention measures against smoking should be taken without delay to reduce the health and financial losses caused by smoking. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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