Epidemiology of and Risk Factors for Coronavirus Infection in Health Care Workers
| Autor: | Tracy Dana, Roger Chou, Shelley Selph, Rongwei Fu, Annette M Totten, David I Buckley |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
Infectious Disease Transmission Patient-to-Professional Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Health Personnel Pneumonia Viral Reviews Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome medicine.disease_cause 01 natural sciences Betacoronavirus 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Risk Factors Environmental health Pandemic Health care Epidemiology Internal Medicine medicine Humans 030212 general & internal medicine 0101 mathematics Pandemics Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Viral Epidemiology business.industry 010102 general mathematics virus diseases COVID-19 General Medicine medicine.disease Pneumonia Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Coronavirus Infections business Cohort study |
| Zdroj: | Annals of Internal Medicine |
| ISSN: | 1539-3704 0003-4819 |
| DOI: | 10.7326/m20-1632 |
| Popis: | Background: Health care workers (HCWs) are at risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Purpose: To examine the burden of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV on HCWs and risk factors for infection, using rapid and living review methods. Data Sources: Multiple electronic databases including the WHO Database of Publications on Coronavirus Disease and medRxiv preprint server (2003 through 27 March 2020, with ongoing surveillance through 24 April 2020), and reference lists. Study Selection: Studies published in any language reporting incidence of or outcomes associated with coronavirus infections in HCWs and studies on the association between risk factors (demographic characteristics, role, exposures, environmental and administrative factors, and personal protective equipment [PPE] use) and HCW infections. New evidence will be incorporated on an ongoing basis by using living review methods. Data Extraction: One reviewer abstracted data and assessed methodological limitations; verification was done by a second reviewer. Data Synthesis: 64 studies met inclusion criteria; 43 studies addressed burden of HCW infections (15 on SARS-CoV-2), and 34 studies addressed risk factors (3 on SARS-CoV-2). Health care workers accounted for a significant proportion of coronavirus infections and may experience particularly high infection incidence after unprotected exposures. Illness severity was lower than in non-HCWs. Depression, anxiety, and psychological distress were common in HCWs during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak. The strongest evidence on risk factors was on PPE use and decreased infection risk. The association was most consistent for masks but was also observed for gloves, gowns, eye protection, and handwashing; evidence suggested a dose–response relationship. No study evaluated PPE reuse. Certain exposures (such as involvement in intubations, direct patient contact, or contact with bodily secretions) were associated with increased infection risk. Infection control training was associated with decreased risk. Limitation: There were few studies on risk factors for SARS-CoV-2, the studies had methodological limitations, and streamlined rapid review methods were used. Conclusion: Health care workers experience significant burdens from coronavirus infections, including SARS-CoV-2. Use of PPE and infection control training are associated with decreased infection risk, and certain exposures are associated with increased risk. Primary Funding Source: World Health Organization. This rapid and living review examines the epidemiology and risk factors for coronavirus infection in health care workers. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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