Dietary exposure assessment of aluminium and cadmium from cocoa in relation to cocoa origin
Autor: | Oliver Lindtner, Matthias Greiner, Carolin Fechner, Helmut Heseker |
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Rok vydání: | 2019 |
Předmět: |
Physiology
010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences Geographical Locations Toxicology Germany Medicine and Health Sciences Nutrition survey Chocolate Netherlands 2. Zero hunger Cadmium Multidisciplinary Geography Dietary exposure Eukaryota 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences Plants Nutrition Surveys Legumes 040401 food science Europe Chemistry Databases as Topic Italy Physical Sciences Medicine Powders Research Article Chemical Elements Science Beans chemistry.chemical_element 0404 agricultural biotechnology European Union Nutrition 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Exposure assessment Cacao Food Consumption Organisms Biology and Life Sciences Diet Cocoa Powders chemistry Food People and Places Africa Physiological Processes Aluminum |
Zdroj: | PLoS ONE PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 6, p e0217990 (2019) |
ISSN: | 1932-6203 |
Popis: | Cocoa contains aluminium and cadmium as environmental contaminants while concentrations are supposed to be country of origin-related. Integrating origin in dietary exposure assessment could refine calculations. Averages or higher percentiles of concentrations in cocoa powder from German Food Monitoring (GFM) and cocoa consumption from the German National Nutrition Survey II (NVS II) were combined in standard scenarios. Additional origin-related scenarios used concentration data grouped into origin A (lower concentrations) and origin B (higher concentrations) as plausible origin information was rare. The most conservative standard scenario resulted in the highest intake estimates for aluminium and cadmium with 0.152 mg/week/kg BW and 0.363 μg/week/kg BW and covered the origin influence calculated in origin-related scenarios. Having plausible origin information would help to refine exposure assessment as it is exemplarily shown here that origin-related lower intake estimates are possible. Using the Eurostat database and the Mintel Global New Product Database (GNPD) generated more origin information for products available on the German market. For Germany, cocoa beans, cocoa powder and cocoa mass were mainly sourced in Côte d'Ivoire, while the Netherlands was the main distributor. Packages of cocoa powders were sourced from different origins. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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