Patterned photostimulation via visible-wavelength photonic probes for deep brain optogenetics
| Autor: | Michael L. Roukes, Andrei Faraon, Karl Deisseroth, Maisie Lo, Trevor M. Fowler, Derrick Chi, Wesley D. Sacher, Laurent Moreaux, Andreas S. Tolias, Eran Segev, Jacob Reimer |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Microelectromechanical systems Materials science Optical fiber Radiological and Ultrasound Technology business.industry Neuroscience (miscellaneous) Nanophotonics Nanotechnology Brain tissue Optogenetics Special Section on Brain Mapping and Therapeutics Photostimulation law.invention 03 medical and health sciences 030104 developmental biology 0302 clinical medicine law Optoelectronics Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Photonics business 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Visible spectrum |
| Zdroj: | Neurophotonics. 4(1) |
| ISSN: | 2329-423X |
| Popis: | Optogenetic methods developed over the past decade enable unprecedented optical activation and silencing of specific neuronal cell types. However, light scattering in neural tissue precludes illuminating areas deep within the brain via free-space optics; this has impeded employing optogenetics universally. Here, we report an approach surmounting this significant limitation. We realize implantable, ultranarrow, silicon-based photonic probes enabling the delivery of complex illumination patterns deep within brain tissue. Our approach combines methods from integrated nanophotonics and microelectromechanical systems, to yield photonic probes that are robust, scalable, and readily producible en masse. Their minute cross sections minimize tissue displacement upon probe implantation. We functionally validate one probe design in vivo with mice expressing channelrhodopsin-2. Highly local optogenetic neural activation is demonstrated by recording the induced response—both by extracellular electrical recordings in the hippocampus and by two-photon functional imaging in the cortex of mice coexpressing GCaMP6. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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