AID and APOBECs as Multifaceted Intrinsic Virus-Restricting Factors: Emerging Concepts in the Light of COVID-19
Autor: | Peter Pietschmann, Igor B. Rogozin, Diana Mechtcheriakova, Anastasia Meshcheryakova, Philip Zimmermann |
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Rok vydání: | 2021 |
Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
APOBEC APOBEC-1 Deaminase Plasma Cells Immunology Biology Antibodies Viral Virus Transcriptome 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Immune system Cytidine Deaminase AID Immunology and Allergy Humans AID/APOBECs gene expression signature Genetics B-Lymphocytes Polymorphism Genetic Host Microbial Interactions SARS-CoV-2 RNA Germinal center COVID-19 APOBEC4 APOBECs Cytidine deaminase RC581-607 Gene signature Germinal Center lymphoid structures Immunity Humoral 030104 developmental biology 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Perspective RNA Viral RNA Editing Immunologic diseases. Allergy |
Zdroj: | Frontiers in Immunology Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 12 (2021) |
ISSN: | 1664-3224 |
Popis: | The AID (activation-induced cytidine deaminase)/APOBEC (apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit) family with its multifaceted mode of action emerges as potent intrinsic host antiviral system that acts against a variety of DNA and RNA viruses including coronaviruses. All family members are cytosine-to-uracil deaminases that either have a profound role in driving a strong and specific humoral immune response (AID) or restricting the virus itself by a plethora of mechanisms (APOBECs). In this article, we highlight some of the key aspects apparently linking the AID/APOBECs and SARS-CoV-2. Among those is our discovery that APOBEC4 shows high expression in cell types and anatomical parts targeted by SARS-CoV-2. Additional focus is given by us to the lymphoid structures and AID as the master regulator of germinal center reactions, which result in antibody production by plasma and memory B cells. We propose the dissection of the AID/APOBECs gene signature towards decisive determinants of the patient-specific and/or the patient group-specific antiviral response. Finally, the patient-specific mapping of the AID/APOBEC polymorphisms should be considered in the light of COVID-19. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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